A secondary battery includes a partition, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a positive electrode electrolytic solution, a negative electrode electrolytic solution, and a negative electrode capacity restoring electrode, a positive electrode capacity restoring electrode, or both. The partition is disposed between a positive electrode space and a negative electrode space, and allows an alkali metal ion to pass therethrough. The positive electrode is disposed in the positive electrode space and is an electrode which the alkali metal ion is to be inserted into and extracted from. The negative electrode is disposed in the negative electrode space and is an electrode which the alkali metal ion is to be inserted into and extracted from. The positive electrode electrolytic solution is contained in the positive electrode space and includes an aqueous solvent and the alkali metal ion. The negative electrode electrolytic solution is contained in the negative electrode space and includes an aqueous solvent and the alkali metal ion. The negative electrode capacity restoring electrode is disposed in the positive electrode space. The positive electrode capacity restoring electrode is disposed in the negative electrode space. The negative electrode capacity restoring electrode includes a hydrogen-generating material, an oxygen-reducing material, or both. The positive electrode capacity restoring electrode includes an oxygen-generating material, a hydrogen-oxidizing material, or both.

A secondary battery includes a partition, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a positive electrode electrolytic solution, a negative electrode electrolytic solution, and a negative electrode capacity restoring electrode, a positive electrode capacity restoring electrode, or both. The partition is disposed between a positive electrode space and a negative electrode space, and allows an alkali metal ion to pass therethrough. The positive electrode is disposed in the positive electrode space and is an electrode which the alkali metal ion is to be inserted into and extracted from. The negative electrode is disposed in the negative electrode space and is an electrode which the alkali metal ion is to be inserted into and extracted from. The positive electrode electrolytic solution is contained in the positive electrode space and includes an aqueous solvent and the alkali metal ion. The negative electrode electrolytic solution is contained in the negative electrode space and includes an aqueous solvent and the alkali metal ion. The negative electrode capacity restoring electrode is disposed in the positive electrode space. The positive electrode capacity restoring electrode is disposed in the negative electrode space. The negative electrode capacity restoring electrode includes a hydrogen-generating material, an oxygen-reducing material, or both. The positive electrode capacity restoring electrode includes an oxygen-generating material, a hydrogen-oxidizing material, or both.

A rechargeable zinc metal battery cell includes a zinc metal anode, a cathode, a porous separator between them, and an electrolyte composition absorbed by the porous separator and in contact with both anode and cathode. The electrolyte composition includes (i) an aqueous solution of zinc chloride at a concentration greater than 15 molal, and (ii) dimethyl carbonate present at a mass ratio between 0.1:1.0 and 1.0:1.0 with respect to water in the aqueous solution. In some examples: the anode includes zinc metal foil stacked on titanium metal foil; the cathode includes vanadium(V) phosphate; the porous separator includes glass fibers and is less than 200 μm thick; or the electrolyte composition includes (i) an aqueous solution of 30 molal zinc chloride, 5 molal lithium chloride, and 10 molal trimethyl ammonium chloride, and (ii) dimethyl carbonate present at a mass ratio of 1.0:1.0 with respect to water in the aqueous solution.

A rechargeable zinc metal battery cell includes a zinc metal anode, a cathode, a porous separator between them, and an electrolyte composition absorbed by the porous separator and in contact with both anode and cathode. The electrolyte composition includes (i) an aqueous solution of zinc chloride at a concentration greater than 15 molal, and (ii) dimethyl carbonate present at a mass ratio between 0.1:1.0 and 1.0:1.0 with respect to water in the aqueous solution. In some examples: the anode includes zinc metal foil stacked on titanium metal foil; the cathode includes vanadium(V) phosphate; the porous separator includes glass fibers and is less than 200 μm thick; or the electrolyte composition includes (i) an aqueous solution of 30 molal zinc chloride, 5 molal lithium chloride, and 10 molal trimethyl ammonium chloride, and (ii) dimethyl carbonate present at a mass ratio of 1.0:1.0 with respect to water in the aqueous solution.

A power storage module including: a stacked body that includes electrodes stacked along a first direction; a sealing body that includes a first sealing portion joined to an edge portion of each of the electrodes, forms an inner space between the electrodes adjacent to each other, and seals the inner space; and an electrolytic solution that is stored in the inner space and includes an alkali solution. The electrodes include bipolar electrodes, and a negative terminal electrode. The power storage module includes surplus spaces different from the inner space on a route of an alkali creep phenomenon in which the electrolytic solution reaches the outside from the inner space through the negative terminal electrode.

The invention relates to a highly reactive, high-purity, free-flowing and dust-free lithium sulfide powder having an average particle size between 250 and 1,500 μm and BET surface areas between 1 and 100 m.sup.2/g. The invention, furthermore, relates to a process for its preparation, wherein in a first step, lithium hydroxide monohydrate is heated in a temperature-controlled unit to a reaction temperature between 150° C. and 450° C. in the absence of air, and an inert gas is passed over or through it, until the residual water of crystallization content of the formed lithium hydroxide is less than 5 wt. % and in a second step, the anhydrous lithium hydroxide formed in the first step is mixed, overflowed or traversed by a gaseous sulfur source from the group consisting of hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, carbon disulfide, mercaptans or sulfur nitrides.

The alkaline battery of the present invention includes, as power generation components, a positive electrode containing silver oxide as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte solution. At least one of the power generation components contains tellurium or a compound of tellurium. The total content of tellurium element contained in components housed in the battery is 0.4 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of silver element in the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode is substantially free of cadmium.

The alkaline battery of the present invention includes, as power generation components, a positive electrode containing silver oxide as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte solution. At least one of the power generation components contains tellurium or a compound of tellurium. The total content of tellurium element contained in components housed in the battery is 0.4 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of silver element in the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode is substantially free of cadmium.

In general, the present disclosure is directed to methods for synthesizing vanadium oxide nanobelts, as well as the corresponding chemical composition of the vanadium oxide nanobelts. Also described are materials which can incorporate the vanadium oxide nanobelts, such as including the vanadium oxide nanobelts as a cathode material for use in energy storage applications (e.g., batteries). The vanadium oxide nanobelts described herein display structural characteristics that may provide improved diffusion and/or charge transfer between ions. Thus, batteries incorporating implementations of the current disclosure may demonstrate improved properties such as higher capacity retention over charge discharge cycling.

In general, the present disclosure is directed to methods for synthesizing vanadium oxide nanobelts, as well as the corresponding chemical composition of the vanadium oxide nanobelts. Also described are materials which can incorporate the vanadium oxide nanobelts, such as including the vanadium oxide nanobelts as a cathode material for use in energy storage applications (e.g., batteries). The vanadium oxide nanobelts described herein display structural characteristics that may provide improved diffusion and/or charge transfer between ions. Thus, batteries incorporating implementations of the current disclosure may demonstrate improved properties such as higher capacity retention over charge discharge cycling.