A process for recovering a nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide from recycled lithium-ion battery (LIB) material such as black mass, black powder, filter cake, or the like. The recycled LIB material is mixed with water and either sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at a pH less than 2. Cobalt, nickel, and manganese oxides from the recycled lithium-ion battery material dissolve into the acidic water with the reductive assistance of gaseous sulfur dioxide. Anode carbon is filtered from the acidic water, leaving the dissolved cobalt, nickel, and manganese oxides in a filtrate. The filtrate is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide at a pH greater than 8. Nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide precipitates from the filtrate. The nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide is filtered from the filtrate and dried. The filtrate may be treated ammonium fluoride or ammonium bifluoride to precipitate lithium fluoride from the filtrate. The composition ratio of nickel to cobalt to manganese in the acid filtrate may be adjusted to a desired ratio. The anode carbon is recovered and purified for reuse.

Disclosed herein are improved methods and devices for recycling lithium cathodes from batteries using a Soxhlet extractor.

A liquid composition is for use to feed carrier ions to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The liquid composition includes a solvent and a dissolved substance. The dissolved substance includes an ionic compound. The ionic compound consists of a radical anion of an aromatic compound and a metal cation. The aromatic compound is a polyacene or a polyphenyl. The metal cation is an ion of the same type as the carrier ions.

In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.

An auxiliary electrode includes a conductive layer having a first major surface in an X-Y plane, the conductive layer is electrically conductive and has a first surface area. The auxiliary electrode includes a first carrier ion supply layer and a second carrier ion supply layer, each carrier ion supply layer comprising a material that supplies carrier ions for an electrode of the secondary battery. The first carrier ion supply layer covers a first region of the first major surface of the conductive layer and the second carrier ion supply layer covers a second region of the first major surface of the conductive layer. The first and second regions are separated by a third region, the third region configured to be folded such that the first region and the second region are substantially parallel, and the third region is substantially perpendicular to the first and second regions in the folded configuration.

A method of reforming a negative electrode layer of a secondary lithium battery may include execution of a reforming cycle that reforms a major facing surface of the negative electrode layer by eliminating at least a portion of a lithium dendrite or other lithium-containing surface irregularity that has formed on the major facing surface of the negative electrode layer.

Provided is a secondary battery comprising: an electrode assembly; a battery case which accommodates the electrode assembly; a first electrolyte which is accommodated in the battery case and primarily impregnates the electrode assembly; and a reinforcement electrolyte member which comprises a packaging material and a second electrolyte, wherein the packaging material is accommodated in the battery case and provided with an oxidation part which is oxidized and decomposed at a set voltage, and the second electrolyte is stored in the packaging material, released to the outside of the packaging material due to the decomposition of the oxidation part, and secondarily impregnates the electrode assembly.

An apparatus, system, and method for removing impurities from a non-aqueous electrolyte used in an electrochemical cell. The apparatus includes a vessel having one or more chambers with an inlet and an outlet configured to allow the flow of the electrolyte through the one or more chambers; and an inorganic scavenging agent located within the one or more chambers. The inorganic scavenging agent includes one or more types of zeolite particles, at least one type of absorbent filler particles, or a combination of the zeolite and absorbent filler particles. The inorganic scavenging agent absorbs one or more of moisture, free transition metal ions, or hydrogen fluoride (HF) that is present as impurities in the non-aqueous electrolyte.

This invention provides a system and a method for safe production of electrolyte at required concentration on site on demand where occasionally only water is needed to be filled up. The system includes two main units: a saturated electrolyte unit and a diluted electrolyte unit.

Regeneration of degraded cathode particles in lithium-ion batteries is achieved using a combination of hydrothermal treatment of cycled electrode particles followed by short thermal annealing. The methods provide for direct regeneration of Li-ion cathode materials including LiCoO.sub.2, LiMn.sub.2O.sub.4, LiFePO.sub.4, and Li.sub.xNi.sub.y Mn.sub.z Co.sub.1−y−zO.sub.2, in an economical and environmentally-friendly process.