In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.

In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.

A suppression element includes a passivation composition supplier and a polar solution supplier. The passivation composition supplier is capable of releasing a metal ion (A), selected from a non-lithium alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a combination thereof, and an aluminum etching ion (B). The polar solution of the polar solution supplier carries the metal ion (A) and the aluminum etching ion (B) to an aluminum current collector to etched through thereof, and the metal ion (A) and the aluminum ion, generated during the etching, are seeped into the electrochemical reaction system. Then, the positive active material is transferred to a crystalline state with lower electric potential and lower energy, and the negative active material is transferred y to an inorganic polymer state with higher electric potential and lower energy to prevent the thermal runaway from occurring.

A suppression element includes a passivation composition supplier and a polar solution supplier. The passivation composition supplier is capable of releasing a metal ion (A), selected from a non-lithium alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a combination thereof, and an aluminum etching ion (B). The polar solution of the polar solution supplier carries the metal ion (A) and the aluminum etching ion (B) to an aluminum current collector to etched through thereof, and the metal ion (A) and the aluminum ion, generated during the etching, are seeped into the electrochemical reaction system. Then, the positive active material is transferred to a crystalline state with lower electric potential and lower energy, and the negative active material is transferred y to an inorganic polymer state with higher electric potential and lower energy to prevent the thermal runaway from occurring.

A suppression element includes a passivation composition supplier and a polar solution supplier. The passivation composition supplier is capable of releasing a metal ion (A), selected from a non-lithium alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a combination thereof, and an aluminum etching ion (B). The polar solution of the polar solution supplier carries the metal ion (A) and the aluminum etching ion (B) to an aluminum current collector to etched through thereof, and the metal ion (A) and the aluminum ion, generated during the etching, are seeped into the electrochemical reaction system. Then, the positive active material is transformed to a crystalline state with lower electric potential and lower energy, and the negative active material is transformed to an inorganic polymer state with higher electric potential and lower energy to prevent the thermal runaway from occurring.

In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.

An electrode (110) for an electrochemical cell, comprising a conductive, porous, hydrophilic, gas-permeable and a liquid-permeable liquid-side layer (111) having a liquid-facing side (116), and a non-conductive, porous, hydrophobic, gas-permeable and liquid-impermeable gas-side layer (112) having a gas-facing side (117). Gas-producing electrochemical reactions are promoted at an interface (115) between the liquid-side layer (111) and the gas-side layer (112) by a beneficial relationship of capillary pressures of the electrode layers. The liquid-side layer (111) exhibits a repulsive capillary pressure in the liquid electrolyte (113) of the cell (110) and the gas-side layer exhibits an attractive capillary pressure in the liquid electrolyte (113).

Systems and methods pertain to minimal architecture zinc-bromine battery (MA-ZBB) designs which include a conductive carbon foam electrode disposed in a zinc-bromine electrolyte. The foam electrode generates and stores liquid bromine during a charging cycle of battery. A carbon cloth suspended in the electrolyte forms a zinc electrode. A self-discharge behavior of liquid bromine released from the foam electrode attacks any dendritic zinc creeping towards the foam electrode to create a self-discharging function for increased lifetime of the battery. The zinc-bromine battery does not include complexing agents, pumps and membranes, thus reducing cost and failure points and leading to a minimal architecture. Imaging techniques based on distinct colors associated with different concentrations of liquid bromine in the electrolyte are employed to detect battery operation and improve performance.

In general, according to one embodiment, a secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a gas treatment structure. The gas treatment structure is configured to be capable of treating hydrogen gas using an electrical conduction between the gas treatment structure and the positive electrode.

A method for producing an electrical energy store is provided, including providing a housing, at least one positive electrode, which includes a first active material, and at least one negative electrode, which includes a second active material, which are inserted into the housing. Then, a gas mixture is metered into an empty volume of the housing, and the housing is sealed in a gas-tight manner. The gas mixture includes at least one gas component which is at least partially reacted with at least one of the first active material and the second active material after the housing has been sealed. An electrical energy store is also provided.