Methods of making a lithiated composite fiber include mixing lithiated perfluorosulfonic acid with a suitable polymer to form a polymer solution and electrospinning the polymer solution to generate a lithiated fiber. The lithiated fiber can be used to make positive electrodes. Methods of making a positive electrode with lithiated fiber include mixing an active material, lithiated fiber, an electrically conductive additive, and a solvent to form a solution and processing the solution. The processed solution can be coated on an aluminum sheet.

A negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material and a conductive agent, wherein the negative electrode active material includes a silicon-based active material, the silicon-based active material includes SiO.sub.x(0≤x<2), the conductive agent includes a carbon nanotube structure in which 2 to 5,000 single-walled carbon nanotube units are bonded side by side, and the carbon nanotube structure is included in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 1.0 wt % in the negative electrode active material layer. A secondary battery including the negative electrode, and a method of preparing same are also provided.

The disclosure provides a filamentary positive electrode for solid battery, a solid battery having the filamentary positive electrode for solid battery, a manufacturing method of the filamentary positive electrode for solid battery, and a manufacturing method of the solid battery having the filamentary positive electrode for solid battery. The structure of a positive electrode that constitutes a solid battery is a filamentous structure. A positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material is provided on a surface of a conductive positive electrode filament, and a positive electrode electrolyte layer including an electrolyte is further provided on an outer side of the positive electrode active material layer to form a filamentary positive electrode for solid battery. The filamentary positive electrode for solid battery and a filamentary negative electrode for solid battery, which has a filamentous structure, are laminated to form a solid battery.

A transient or biodegradable battery is provided having a filament structure that limits the speed of reaction allowing for a longer duration of battery power with a controlled current limit. In one embodiment, the filament may be constructed of zinc microparticles or nanoparticles having a thin outer insulation whereby a chemical reaction at the center core results in the progressive disintegration of the insulation revealing more core material. In one embodiment, microparticles or nanoparticles are coated with outer layers of chitosan and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 nanofilms, respectively, with designable discharge current and battery lifespan by controlling the exposed cross-sectional area of the zinc microparticle center core and the length of the filament, respectively. This novel structure of biodegradable battery provides improved control of battery life and power output, providing a promising solution to power transient medical implants.

A transient or biodegradable battery is provided having a filament structure that limits the speed of reaction allowing for a longer duration of battery power with a controlled current limit. In one embodiment, the filament may be constructed of zinc microparticles or nanoparticles having a thin outer insulation whereby a chemical reaction at the center core results in the progressive disintegration of the insulation revealing more core material. In one embodiment, microparticles or nanoparticles are coated with outer layers of chitosan and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 nanofilms, respectively, with designable discharge current and battery lifespan by controlling the exposed cross-sectional area of the zinc microparticle center core and the length of the filament, respectively. This novel structure of biodegradable battery provides improved control of battery life and power output, providing a promising solution to power transient medical implants.

A method for fabricating porous wire-in-tube (WiT) nanostructures including forming a first porous core-shell nanostructure, forming a second porous core-shell nanostructure by increasing thickness and porosity of the porous core-shell nanostructure, and forming a porous WiT nanostructure by etching the second porous core-shell nanostructure. Forming the first porous core-shell nanostructure may include forming a porous layer on a semi-conductive core by depositing a first plurality of particles on the semi-conductive core and generating an initial porous semi-conductive core by etching the semi-conductive core simultaneously with forming the porous layer.

A lithium ion battery electrode includes silicon nanowires used for insertion of lithium ions and including a conductivity enhancement, the nanowires growth-rooted to the conductive substrate.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a material made of silicon and/or germanium nanowires, comprising the steps of: i) placing a source of silicon and/or a source of germanium in contact with a catalyst comprising a binary metal sulfide or a multinary metal sulfide, said metal(s) being selected from among Sn, In, Bi, Sb, Ga, Ti, Cu, and Zn, by means of which silicon and/or germanium nanowires are obtained, ii) optionally recovering the silicon and/or germanium nanowires obtained in step (i); the catalyst and, optionally, the source of silicon and/or the source of germanium being heated before, during and/or after being placed in contact under temperature and pressure conditions that allow the growth of the silicon and/or germanium nanowires.

A lithium ion battery electrode includes silicon nanowires used for insertion of lithium ions and including a conductivity enhancement, the nanowires growth-rooted to the conductive substrate.

Systems and methods which provide nickel-zinc textile batteries formed from highly conductive yarn-based components which are configured to facilitate textile material processing, such as weaving, knitting, etc., are described. Embodiments of a conductive yarn-based nickel-zinc textile battery may be constructed using scalably produced highly conductive yarns, such as stainless steel yarns, coated or covered with zinc (anodes) and nickel (cathode) materials, wherein the foregoing yarn anode and cathode components may be coated with an electrolyte to form yarn-based battery assemblies. A conductive yarn-based nickel-zinc textile battery may be constructed by weaving or knitting such yarn-based battery assemblies into a textile material, such as using industrial weaving or knitting machines, hand weaving or knitting processes, etc.