A railway vehicle includes a car body having a shell frame surrounding an internal area suitable for accommodating passengers, and a power generator connected to an external side of the car body and including an outlet for discharging out a liquid produced during generation of electricity. A hydraulic system is in fluid communication with the outlet and receives at least part of the liquid produced during generation of electricity. The hydraulic system includes a first end portion connected to the outlet, a second end portion, spaced apart from the first end portion, for draining out from the hydraulic system the received liquid, and a third intermediate portion which is interconnected between the first and second end portions and is placed, at least partially, in the internal area of the car body, which is adapted to be heated before receiving passengers.

The present disclosure discloses a battery assembly and an electronic cigarette using the battery assembly, wherein the battery assembly comprises a main body and a cover, the main body is provided with a battery compartment with an opening, one end of the cover is rotatably mounted on the main body, and the other end is provided with a locking assembly, the end of the battery compartment close to the opening is provided with a limiting part, the cover is locked to the main body and covers the opening when rotating to the locking assembly to be fastened to the limiting part, the main body is further provided with at least one elastic assembly which elastically abuts against the cover when the cover covers the main body.

A power management method includes a step A of specifying an influence of a distributed power supply on a power demand-supply balance by a power management server, the power management server managing a plurality of facilities and the distributed power supply being individually provided in each of the plurality of facilities; and a step B of transmitting distributed power supply information from a local control apparatus to the power management server, the local control apparatus being individually provided in each of the plurality of facilities and the distributed power supply information including information indicating an operation state of the distributed power supply, wherein the step A includes a step of specifying the influence on the power demand-supply-demand balance based on the distributed power supply information.

A heater is described. The heater includes a fuel cell to produce heated air, electricity and water vapor. The heater further includes a heating element operatively coupled to the fuel cell to convert the electricity to heat and a control system operatively coupled to the fuel cell and the heating element, the control system being configured to monitor and control the fuel cell and heating element.

A vehicle powered by a fuel cell power plant to conserve water includes a fuel cell to generate electricity and at least one of water or water vapor. The vehicle further includes one or more electric motors operatively coupled to the fuel cell to receive the electricity and propel the vehicle and an auxiliary system operatively coupled to the fuel cell to utilize the at least one of the water or water vapor generated by the fuel cell.

The invention concerns a vehicle comprising an electricity production unit configured for generating an electrical current, a transformer unit and a fuel storage unit, the production unit comprising at least two fuel cell stacks and a single first electrical connection interface for transmitting the electrical current to the transformer unit. The production unit further comprises a single cooling circuit, an air supply circuit and a single gaseous hydrogen supply circuit for supplying gaseous hydrogen, from the fuel storage unit, to each fuel cell stack. The production unit is separate from the fuel storage unit and connected to the fuel storage unit by a single connection interface, the production unit being removable from the vehicle as an integrated unit independently from the fuel storage unit.

An energy storage system includes: a reformer configured to receive natural gas and steam and to output reformed natural gas; a combustion turbine configured to output heated sweep gas; and a molten carbonate electrolyzer cell (“MCEC”) including: an MCEC anode, and an MCEC cathode configured to receive the heated sweep gas from the combustion turbine. The energy storage system is configured such that: when no excess power is available, the combustion turbine receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and when excess power is available, the MCEC operates in a hydrogen-generation mode in which the MCEC anode receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and outputs MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen.

An energy management system having a fuel cell apparatus (150) as a power generator that generates power using fuel, and an EMS (200) that communicates with the fuel cell apparatus (150). The EMS (200) receives messages that indicate a type of the fuel cell apparatus (150), from the fuel cell apparatus (150).

Provided is a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system comprises: a reformer that reforms fuel; a reformed fuel storage unit that receives the reformed fuel from the reformer and stores same; a fuel cell stack that generates electric power and heat by using the reformed fuel; a boiler unit that provides heating by using heating water, a battery unit that stores the electric power generated in the fuel cell stack; and a control unit that controls the operations of the reformer, the reformed fuel storage unit, the fuel cell stack, the boiler unit, and the battery unit, wherein the control unit controls the reformer to operate using the heating water of the boiler unit when the temperature of the heating water of the boiler unit is higher than a first baseline and the stored amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel storage unit is equal to or less than a second baseline.

A fuel cell apparatus may include a stack, a reformer configured to generate reformed gas, a burner, a water supply tank configured to store cooling water, a burner air blower configured to draw in external air and then to blow the air, a vertex tube configured to convert the air into heated air and cooled air, a three-way valve configured to supply the air from the burner air blower selectively to the vertex tube or the burner, a first heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the air discharged from the vertex tube and the cooling water, a second heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the air discharged from the vertex tube and the reformed gas, and a four-way valve configured to supply the heated air and the cooled air to the first and second heat exchangers.