An electrolyte of a lithium-ion secondary battery and an application thereof. The electrolyte of the lithium-ion secondary battery includes an organic solution, a lithium salt, and an additive, and the additive comprises a borate compound. The electrolyte can be better applied to low-cobalt or cobalt-free positive electrode materials, improve the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium-ion batteries, and inhibit gas generation during high-temperature storage, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the battery.

Disclosed are a process and continuous system for producing LiPF.sub.6, and a prepared mixture crystal, composition, electrolyte solution and lithium ion battery containing LiPF.sub.6. During preparation, a first feed stream containing PF5 and a second feed stream containing LiF and HF are introduced into a first microchannel reactor, a gas part of a product in the first microchannel reactor is introduced into a second microchannel reactor to react with a third feed stream containing LiPF.sub.6, LiF and HF, and a liquid part of the product in the first microchannel reactor is subjected to crystallization and drying to obtain LiPF.sub.6. The LiPF.sub.6 has the advantages of a high purity, a uniform particle size, a high product quality stability, etc., and is suitable for use as a component of an electrolyte solution of a lithium ion battery.

Provided is an electrode, including: a collector; and an active material layer formed on the collector, wherein the active material layer contains sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile and a lithium-titanium oxide, wherein an average secondary particle diameter of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is larger than an average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-titanium oxide, and wherein a content of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile in the active material layer is from 5 mass % to 85 mass %, and a content of the lithium-titanium oxide in the active material layer is from 5 mass % to 85 mass %.

The present invention relates to a solid electrolyte interphase composition having a F:CF.sub.3 mol-ratio (x) of 0.00<x≤12.00; a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material and a solid electrolyte interphase composition on a surface of said negative electrode material, wherein said solid electrolyte interphase composition has a molar ratio F:CF.sub.3 (x) of 0.00<x≤12.00, as determined by XPS; as well as its application in a lithium secondary battery cell.

The present disclosure provides a non-aqueous electrolyte including an additive including a repeating unit represented by Formula 1 and a repeating unit represented by Formula 2 below:

##STR00001##

##STR00002##

wherein X, R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are described herein.

An assembly includes: an electrolytic solution, where the electrolytic solution includes a solvent and an additive, the additive includes fluoroethylene carbonate, and a weight percent of the fluoroethylene carbonate in a total mass of the solvent and the additive is 10% to 30%; and a negative electrode, where the negative electrode contains an active material and a protection layer that covers the active material. The protection layer is located between the electrolytic solution and the active material, the protection layer is in contact with the electrolytic solution, the active material contains lithium metal, and the protection layer contains silicon. The electrode assembly greatly improve the cycle performance of a lithium metal battery.

Systems and methods are provided for maintaining and/or improving operating lifetime for molten carbonate fuel cells that contain reforming catalyst in the anode when processing cathode input flows that contain sulfur oxides. The systems and methods can include a serial arrangement of molten carbonate fuel cells, where a first fuel cell includes a reduced or minimized amount of reforming catalyst in the anode. A second molten carbonate fuel cell can include reforming catalyst in the anode.

The present disclosure provides a non-aqueous electrolyte including an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001## wherein, A ring may be a cyclic phosphate group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, R may be an alkylene group or alkenylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and X may be a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

An electrochemical cell comprises an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte composition, wherein the anode comprises as anode active material a combination of at least a carbon material and a silicon material; and the electrolyte composition comprises a solvent, from 0.5 wt. % to 70 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte, of a fluorinated acyclic carbonate compound, from 0.5 wt. % to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte, of a fluorinated cyclic carbonate compound; and an electrolyte salt.

Electrolytes for lithium ion batteries with carbon-based, silicon-based, or carbon- and silicon-based anodes include a lithium salt; a nonaqueous solvent comprising at least one of the following components: (i) an ester, (ii) a sulfur-containing solvent, (iii) a phosphorus-containing solvent, (iv) an ether, (v) a nitrile, or any combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt is soluble in the solvent; a diluent comprising a fluoroalkyl ether, a fluorinated orthoformate, a fluorinated carbonate, a fluorinated borate, a fluorinated phosphate, a fluorinated phosphite, or any combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt has a solubility in the diluent at least 10 times less than a solubility of the lithium salt in the solvent; and an additive having a different composition than the lithium salt, a different composition than the solvent, and a different composition than the diluent. In some electrolytes, the nonaqueous solvent comprises an ester.