An objective is to improve the corrosion resistance of a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries.

Provided is a positive electrode grid for lead acid batteries, and a lead acid battery including the grid. The grid includes a lead alloy containing calcium and tin. The lead alloy has a calcium content of 0.10 mass % or less, and a tin content of 2.3 mass % or less, and a lattice constant of 4.9470 Å or less.

A bipolar lead-acid battery is described in which the electrolyte is less likely to infiltrate the interface between a positive electrode lead layer and an adhesive layer so that deterioration in battery performance is less likely to occur. A positive electrode of a bipolar electrode of the battery includes a positive electrode lead layer disposed on one surface of a substrate. An adhesive layer is disposed between and bonds the one surface and the positive electrode lead layer. The substrate is formed of a thermoplastic resin, and the adhesive layer is a cured product of a reaction-curing type adhesive that is cured by reaction between a main agent containing an epoxy resin and a curing agent containing an amine compound. Even when immersed in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 38% by mass at a temperature of 60° C. for four weeks, the sulfuric acid does not infiltrate the interface.

A bipolar lead-acid battery is described in which the electrolyte is less likely to infiltrate the interface between a positive electrode lead layer and an adhesive layer so that deterioration in battery performance is less likely to occur. A positive electrode of a bipolar electrode of the battery includes a positive electrode lead layer disposed on one surface of a substrate. An adhesive layer is disposed between and bonds the one surface and the positive electrode lead layer. The substrate is formed of a thermoplastic resin, and the adhesive layer is a cured product of a reaction-curing type adhesive that is cured by reaction between a main agent containing an epoxy resin and a curing agent containing an amine compound. Even when immersed in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 38% by mass at a temperature of 60° C. for four weeks, the sulfuric acid does not infiltrate the interface.

A bipolar storage battery is described in which, even when growth occurs in a positive electrode due to corrosion caused by sulfuric acid contained in an electrolytic solution, the electrolytic solution has difficulty penetrating an interface between the positive electrode and an adhesive and battery performance is hard to decrease. The bipolar storage battery includes a bipolar electrode including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a bipolar plate in which the positive electrode is provided on one surface and the negative electrode is provided on the other surface. The bipolar electrode includes a covering member configured to cover a peripheral part of an opposite surface of the positive electrode in close contact with the peripheral part, the opposite surface being opposite to a surface, of the positive electrode, bonded to the bipolar plate.

A bipolar storage battery is described in which, even when growth occurs in a positive electrode due to corrosion caused by sulfuric acid contained in an electrolytic solution, the electrolytic solution has difficulty penetrating an interface between the positive electrode and an adhesive and battery performance is hard to decrease. The bipolar storage battery includes a bipolar electrode including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a bipolar plate in which the positive electrode is provided on one surface and the negative electrode is provided on the other surface. The bipolar electrode includes a covering member configured to cover a peripheral part of an opposite surface of the positive electrode in close contact with the peripheral part, the opposite surface being opposite to a surface, of the positive electrode, bonded to the bipolar plate.

An electrochemical cell assembly includes an electrochemical cell including housing and a negative active material disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing. The negative active material includes lead. The electrochemical cell further includes a positive active material disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing and a separator disposed in the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. The positive active material includes lead and/or lead dioxide. The electrochemical cell assembly further includes a pumping assembly configured to pump a plurality of electrolytes through either the first electrode chamber or the second electrode chamber during operation of the electrochemical cell based on a process of a cell cycle of the electrochemical cell.

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The battery comprises a container with a cover having one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The cell elements comprise a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode has a positive current collector and a positive electrochemically active material in contact therewith. The negative electrode has a negative current collector and a negative electrochemically active material in contact therewith. At least one of the positive electrode or the negative electrode comprises a cured carbon or carbonized fiber mat current collector impregnated with the respective electrochemically active material. The cured carbon or carbonized fiber mat current collector comprises a frame member composed of a lead-calcium alloy. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend from the container or the cover and are electrically coupled to the cell elements.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

Provided is a battery grid pellet adhesion/cohesion strength tester that can accurately determine the push-out strength of a battery grid pellet by measuring the binding of the active material to the battery grid during the pasting and curing process. A programmable test stand and force gage are used with a selectable active material punching tool fixture and a set of selectable set of grid location pins. Active material from a lead-acid battery is forced out of the battery grid at a programmed feed rate with the force gage reporting precise force measurements for each battery grid pellets adhesion/cohesion strength. The inventive device can be utilized as a quality control measure following the battery pasting and curing process, which will ensure that consistent and uniform adhesion/cohesion has occurred during battery manufacture, thereby avoiding battery premature performance failure.