An lead-acid battery is described. The battery includes a carbon fiber electrode having a paste containing a novel additive including one or more carbons, organic expanders, and barium sulfate.

The present invention discloses a method for making lead-carbon electrode sheets, lead-carbon electrode sheets and lead-carbon battery. The method consists of steps of oxidizing lead under low-temperature atmosphere and the oxidized lead is used as interface layer of lead-carbon coupling, and using a specialized ventilation method for the carbon to coat the lead. The interface layer of oxidized lead forms a stable interface between the carbon and the lead. Meanwhile, through controlling pressure and temperature, a multi-porous metal composite is formed and the porosity can be penetration paths for air and liquid when the multi-porous metal composite is applied. The lead-carbon composite is applied as a lead-carbon electrode sheet and is further welded as a lead-carbon electrode sheet of a lead-carbon battery. The lead-carbon battery carrying the lead-carbon electrode demonstrates Coulomb efficiency of 100% without heat loss on an unsaturated charge-discharge condition of high-efficiency charging and high-efficiency discharging.

A bipolar lead-acid battery is described in which the electrolyte is less likely to infiltrate the interface between a positive electrode lead layer and an adhesive layer so that deterioration in battery performance is less likely to occur. A positive electrode of a bipolar electrode of the battery includes a positive electrode lead layer disposed on one surface of a substrate. An adhesive layer is disposed between and bonds the one surface and the positive electrode lead layer. The substrate is formed of a thermoplastic resin, and the adhesive layer is a cured product of a reaction-curing type adhesive that is cured by reaction between a main agent containing an epoxy resin and a curing agent containing an amine compound. Even when immersed in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 38% by mass at a temperature of 60° C. for four weeks, the sulfuric acid does not infiltrate the interface.

A bipolar lead-acid battery is described in which the electrolyte is less likely to infiltrate the interface between a positive electrode lead layer and an adhesive layer so that deterioration in battery performance is less likely to occur. A positive electrode of a bipolar electrode of the battery includes a positive electrode lead layer disposed on one surface of a substrate. An adhesive layer is disposed between and bonds the one surface and the positive electrode lead layer. The substrate is formed of a thermoplastic resin, and the adhesive layer is a cured product of a reaction-curing type adhesive that is cured by reaction between a main agent containing an epoxy resin and a curing agent containing an amine compound. Even when immersed in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 38% by mass at a temperature of 60° C. for four weeks, the sulfuric acid does not infiltrate the interface.

Lead is recovered from lead paste of a lead acid battery in a continuous and electrochemical lead recovery process. In especially preferred aspects, lead paste is processed to remove residual sulfates, and the so treated lead paste is subjected to a thermal treatment step that removes residual moisture and reduces lead dioxide to lead oxide. Advantageously, such pretreatment will avoid lead dioxide accumulation and electrolyte dilution.

An electrochemical cell assembly includes an electrochemical cell including housing and a negative active material disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing. The negative active material includes lead. The electrochemical cell further includes a positive active material disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing and a separator disposed in the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. The positive active material includes lead and/or lead dioxide. The electrochemical cell assembly further includes a pumping assembly configured to pump a plurality of electrolytes through either the first electrode chamber or the second electrode chamber during operation of the electrochemical cell based on a process of a cell cycle of the electrochemical cell.

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The battery comprises a container with a cover having one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The cell elements comprise a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode has a positive current collector and a positive electrochemically active material in contact therewith. The negative electrode has a negative current collector and a negative electrochemically active material in contact therewith. At least one of the positive electrochemically active material or the negative electrochemically active material includes electrochemically active fibers dispersed therein. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend from the container or the cover and are electrically coupled to the cell elements. An electrode and an active material for a lead-acid battery are also disclosed.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

Disclosed are electrode plates for a lead acid battery. The electrode plates are formed of an electrode plate having a face, the electrode plate comprising a lead or lead alloy grid coated with an active material and the electrode plates having a porous, non-woven mat comprised of polymer fibers coating on the face of the electrode plate, as well as a method for making the coated electrode plates and lead acid batteries containing the coated electrode plates.