This disclosure relates to an SO.sub.2-based electrolyte for a rechargeable battery cell containing at least one conducting salt of the Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements and aluminum; x is an integer from 1 to 3; the substituents R, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.1 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.1 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z is aluminum or boron.

A nanocomposite electrode includes a porous copper substrate and platinum nanoparticles electrolytically deposited on the porous copper substrate. Making a nanocomposite electrode includes contacting a porous copper substrate with a solution including platinum, and electrodepositing the platinum on the porous copper substrate.

An electrode includes an electrically conductive porous graphene core; a silicon layer disposed on an internal surface of the porous graphene core; and an ion-conductive hybrid silicate layer disposed on the silicon layer.

Provided is a lead-acid battery including a negative electrode plate and a positive electrode plate. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material containing graphite or carbon fiber, and the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode material containing antimony.

An electrode/separator assembly for use in an electrochemical cell includes a current collector; a porous composite electrode layer adhered to the current collector, said electrode layer comprising at least electroactive particles and a binder; and a porous composite separator layer comprising inorganic particles substantially uniformly distributed in a polymer matrix to form nanopores and having a pore volume fraction of at least 25%, wherein the separator layer is secured to the electrode layer by a solvent weld at the interface between the two layers, said weld comprising a mixture of the binder and the polymer. Methods of making and using the assembly are also described.

In some embodiments, a battery comprises an anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte in fluid communication with the anode, the cathode, and the separator. The anode can be a porous metallic zinc anode. The porous metallic zinc anode comprises pure zinc electrode, a substrate coated with zinc, a zinc substrate with a coating layer, or combinations thereof.

To provide a solid-state battery that can improve layout by allowing a current collecting position to be optionally disposed and that can suppress the occurrence of short circuits. A solid-state battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. A first electrode selected from one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes a material mixture filled portion including a metal porous body filled with an electrode material mixture. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed so as to cover a periphery of the material mixture filled portion. A second electrode selected from the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is disposed so as to cover the solid electrolyte layer.

To provide a solid-state battery having high safety and high energy density. An electrode for a solid-state battery includes a current collector that is a metal porous body, and an electrode material mixture with which the current collector is filled. The current collector has an end portion having a material mixture non-filled region that is not filled with the electrode material mixture. The material mixture non-filled region has a part that is a fuse function portion. The fuse function portion has a smaller total cross-sectional area of metal in a cross section perpendicular to a direction of the end portion than the rest of the material mixture non-filled region.

Systems and methods for anisotropic expansion of silicon-dominant anodes may include a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, where the anode may include a current collector and an active material on the current collector. An expansion of the anode during operation may be configured by a metal used for the current collector, and/or a lamination process that adheres the active material to the current collector. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for thicker current collectors. A thicker current collector may be 10 μm thick or greater. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for more rigid materials used for the current collector. A more rigid current collector may include nickel and a less rigid current collector may include copper. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for a rougher surface current collector.

Systems and methods for anisotropic expansion of silicon-dominant anodes may include a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, where the anode may include a current collector and an active material on the current collector. An expansion of the anode during operation may be configured by a thickness of the current collector. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for thicker current collectors. A thicker current collector may be 10 μm thick or greater. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for more rigid materials used for the current collector. A more rigid current collector may include nickel and a less rigid current collector may include copper. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for a rougher surface current collector.