An electrochemical cell comprising a first electrode separated from a second electrode by a shutdown separator. The first electrode can comprise a first current collector substrate having a first active material composite layered thereon. The second electrode can comprise a second current collector substrate parallel to the first current collector substrate. The second current collector substrate can have a second active material composite layered thereon. The first current collector substrate can have a first current collector tab extending from the first current collector substrate at a position along an axis parallel to a plane defined by the first current collector substrate. The second current collector substrate can have a second current collector tab extending from the second current collector substrate at a same position along the axis as the first current collector tab. A battery including the electrochemical cell and methods for manufacturing the battery are also described.

A method of forming a sulfur-based cathode material includes: 1) providing a sulfur-based nanostructure; 2) coating the nanostructure with an encapsulating material to form a shell surrounding the nanostructure; and 3) removing a portion of the nanostructure through the shell to form a void within the shell, with a remaining portion of the nanostructure disposed within the shell.

An electrically conductive porous composite composed of an expanded microsphere matrix binding a material composition having electrical conductivity properties to form an electrically conductive porous composite is disclosed herein. An energy storage device incorporating the electrically conductive porous composite is also disclosed herein.

In an ozone generating system in which an intermittent operation is performed, in which an ozone generating operation period in which ozone is generated by discharging gas which contains oxygen in a discharge space of an ozone generating apparatus and an ozone generating operation standby period in which gas is sealed in an ozone generating apparatus and discharge is stopped so as not to generate ozone are performed repeatedly, an absorbent which absorbs at least one of nitric acid and nitrogen oxide is provided in an ozone generating apparatus other than the discharge space.

A method of making a cover for the positive plate for acid batteries, comprising a set of thermally formed tubes of non-woven fabric, characterised in that a tape (1) of non-woven fabric of a width corresponding to the length of future tubes is wrapped into a single, oval loop, and the extreme ends are laid so as to form an overlap (2) in the zone between vertices (4) of the loop, then the loop is stitched crosswise to form a set of multiple channels (3) which are then thermally formed into cover tubes (6).

An apparatus and a method for making lithium iron phosphate are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a raw material system to provide a raw material mixed solution of raw materials of a hydrothermal reaction or a solvothermal reaction; a tubular reaction device to make the raw material mixed solution in a plug flowing and reacting state to obtain a reacted material; and a kettle reaction device to make the reacted material in a complete mixing and reacting state to obtain a product. The method comprises providing a raw material mixed solution of raw materials of a hydrothermal reaction or a solvothermal reaction; making the raw material mixed solution in a plug flowing and reacting state to obtain a reacted material; and making the reacted material in a complete mixing and reacting state. The lithium iron phosphate can be continuously produced by the apparatus and method.

A structure, and more specifically a tube-shaped structure having an inner surface and two ends, wherein one or both ends are open and the inner surface is exposed through said one or both open ends, and a metal provide on the inner surface. Also, an electrode active material, such as lithium metal, on the metal included on the inner surface of the tube.

In a storage battery, a cathode comprises a wedge-shaped or cone-shaped housing containing SiO2 nanoparticles, wherein the wide portion of the wedge or cone includes one or more expansion regions or expansion devices.

An electrically conductive porous composite composed of an expanded microsphere matrix binding a material composition having electrical conductivity properties to form an electrically conductive porous composite is disclosed herein. An energy storage device incorporating the electrically conductive porous composite is also disclosed herein.

Provided is a long aluminum foil capable of suppressing, in a case where the aluminum foil is provided with a region where through-holes are not formed, occurrence of deformation at a boundary portion between a region where through-holes are formed and the region where through-holes are not formed. The long aluminum foil includes, in a width direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction, a perforated portion, a non-perforated portion, and a boundary portion between the perforated portion and the non-perforated portion, in which the perforated portion has a plurality of through-holes penetrating therethrough in a thickness direction, the non-perforated portion does not have a through-hole, the boundary portion has a plurality of through-holes penetrating therethrough in the thickness direction and a plurality of non-through-holes, and an opening ratio of the through-hole in the boundary portion gradually decreases from a perforated portion side to a non-perforated portion side.