The present disclosure provides a porous electrode for a flow-through rechargeable electrochemical cell including a high-porosity metal current collector, an active material surrounding the metal current collector, and a self-supporting synthetic membrane material surrounding the active material. The present disclosure further includes a flow-through rechargeable battery including multiple electrochemical cells, a closed loop, and a pump.

This application provides a polymer current collector, a preparation method thereof, and a secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and apparatus associated therewith. The polymer current collector provided in this application includes polymer film layers, where the polymer film layers include a first polymer film layer and a second polymer film layer, a resistivity of the first polymer film layer is denoted as ρ1, a resistivity of the second polymer film layer is denoted as ρ2, and the current collector satisfies ρ1>ρ2. The polymer current collector in this application can induce to deposit of lithium metal from a low conductivity side to a high conductivity side, avoiding risks of depositing lithium ions on the surface of the current collector and thereby increasing cycle life of lithium metal batteries.

An all solid state battery includes a cathode layer, an anode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, wherein: the solid electrolyte layer includes a first solid electrolyte layer, and a second electrolyte layer arranged in the anode layer side compared to the first solid electrolyte layer; the first solid electrolyte layer contains a first nonwoven fabric, and a first solid electrolyte arranged inside the first nonwoven fabric; the second solid electrolyte layer contains a second nonwoven fabric, and a second solid electrolyte arranged inside the second nonwoven fabric; and in a plan view along a thickness direction, an angle formed by a first fabric direction in the first nonwoven fabric and a second fabric direction in the second nonwoven fabric is 45° or more and 90° or less.

An electrochemical cell may include: an anode; a porous anodic current collector; a cathode; a porous cathodic current collector; and an alkali metal-conducting separator that separates the anode from the cathode and is disposed surrounding the anodic current collector. The cathode may include seawater. A battery module may include a plurality of the electrochemical cells, and a battery may include a plurality of the battery modules.

A method for preparing an ultrathin Li complex includes the steps of preparing an organic transition layer on a substrate in advance, and contacting the substrate having transition layer with molten Li in argon atmosphere with H.sub.2O≤0.1 ppm and O.sub.2≤0.1 ppm. The molten Li spreads rapidly on the surface of the substrate to form a lithium thin layer. The ultrathin Li layer stores lithium on the current collector beforehand. It can be used as a safe lithium anode to inhibit dendrites.

The present disclosure provides an electrode material and a method for preparing the same. The electrode material includes 3 to 7 wt % of a graphene material, 4 to 8 wt % of a photocatalytic nano-material, 3 to 9 wt % of a binder system, and a balance of a glass fiber cloth, based on a total weight of the electrode material. The method includes providing a graphene-based precursor solution;

agitating and dispersing a glass fiber cloth to obtain an uniform slurry; wet forming the slurry to obtain a glass fiber sheet, and cleaning and drying the glass fiber sheet; putting the glass fiber sheet into the graphene-based precursor solution for in-situ synthesis to obtain a glass fiber paper; and immersing the glass fiber paper with a binder system and drying the glass fiber paper to obtain the electrode material.

Disclosed are an electrode having a three-dimensional structure, the electrode including: a porous nonwoven web including a plurality of polymer fibers that form an interconnected porous network; an active material composite positioned among the polymer fibers and including active material particles and a first conductive material; and a second conductive material positioned on an outer surface of the active material composite, wherein the interconnected porous network is filled homogeneously with the active material composite and the second conductive material to form a super lattice structure, and an electrochemical device including the electrode having a three-dimensional structure.

A molten sodium-based battery comprises a robust, highly Na-ion conductive, zero-crossover separator and a fully inorganic, fully liquid, highly cyclable molten cathode that operates at low temperatures.

A negative electrode sheet and a manufacturing method thereof and a battery are provided in the disclosure. The negative electrode sheet includes a conductive fiber cloth, a support layer, and an active material layer. The conductive fiber cloth serves as a current collector of the negative electrode sheet. The support layer is formed on a surface of the conductive fiber cloth and includes multiple protruding units, where each of the multiple protruding units includes multiple needle-shaped protrusions, and the multiple needle-shaped protrusions of each protruding unit are arranged radially. The active material layer includes multiple active portions, where each of the multiple active portions is formed on a surface of one of the multiple needle-shaped protrusions, and different active portions are formed on surfaces of different needle-shaped protrusions.

Provided are a flexible secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes forming an electrode including a metal fiber-like current collector and an active material combined with the metal fiber-like current collector; and providing a liquid pre-electrolyte that may be either thermally polymerized or crosslinked to the electrode and applying heat thereto, such that the liquid pre-electrolyte is integrated with the electrode and forms a gelated or solidified polymer electrode.