The present invention provides a metal carbonitride comprising: i) a first metal, M.sup.1; and ii) a second metal, M.sup.2; wherein M.sup.1 is titanium, zirconium or hafnium; and M.sup.2 is vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, ruthenium or osmium.

A single-electrode battery subassembly includes a separator comprising an electrolyte. The separator has a first surface and an opposing second surface. A single electrode is disposed over the first surface of the separator. A removable, electrically inert substrate disposed on the second surface of the separator.

The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell in which a transfer failure is suppressed. The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, which comprises intermittently applying a catalyst ink on a substrate sheet and drying the catalyst ink to form a catalyst layer on the substrate sheet, and transferring the catalyst layer from the substrate sheet onto an electrolyte membrane. The catalyst ink contains catalyst particles, an ionomer, an alcohol, and water, and a water content in the catalyst ink is 57% to 61% by weight of a total weight of the catalyst ink.

The present invention provides a catalysed ion-conducting membrane comprising an ion-conducting membrane, an electrocatalyst layer having two opposing faces, and a layer A comprising an ion-conducting material and a carbon containing material. Also provided are methods for preparing the catalysed ion-conducting membrane.

The present invention provides a method of preparing a catalyst material, said catalyst material comprising a support material and an electrocatalyst dispersed on the support material; said method comprising the steps: i) providing a support material; then ii) 10 depositing a silicon oxide precursor on the support material; then iii) carrying out a heat treatment step to convert the silicon oxide precursor to silicon oxide; then iv) depositing said electrocatalyst or a precursor of said electrocatalyst on the support material; then v) removal of at least some of the silicon oxide.

A method for producing a membrane electrode comprises a thermal transfer printing step, a thermal combining step, a carbon paper attaching step and a hot-pressing step. The invention realizes the continuous automatic production of the membrane electrode and improves the production efficiency and the quality of the membrane electrode.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for manufacturing a substrate for a fuel cell and an apparatus for manufacturing an electrode for a fuel cell, which can make it possible to reduce loss of a catalyst and loss of an electrolyte membrane, improve a processing speed, and precisely form a pattern shape of an electrode although the electrode is continuously formed on a substrate when applying catalyst slurry on the substrate comprising a release film or the electrolyte membrane and thus forming the electrode.

An object of the invention is to increase the output power of a solid oxide fuel cell by making a lower electrode layer porous so as to form a three-phase interface and reducing a thickness of a solid electrolyte layer to 1 micrometer or less. A fuel cell according to the invention includes a first electrode layer at a position where an opening formed in a board is covered, and a solid electrolyte layer having a thickness of 1000 nm or less. At least a part of a region of the first electrode layer covering the opening is porous (see FIG. 5).

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode unit comprising a polymer membrane doped with a mineral acid as well as two electrodes, characterized in that the polymer membrane comprises at least one polymer with at least one nitrogen atom and at least one electrode comprises a catalyst which is formed from at least one precious metal and at least one metal less precious according to the electrochemical series.

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) includes an ionically-conductive proton exchange membrane, an anode contacting a first side of the membrane and a cathode contacting a second side of the membrane and including third catalyst particles and a cathode GDL. The anode includes an anode gas diffusion layer (GDL), a first anode catalyst layer containing first catalyst particles, a hydrophobic polymer bonding agent, and a first ionomer bonding agent that lacks functional chains on a molecular backbone, and a second anode catalyst layer containing second catalyst particles and a second ionomer bonding agent that includes functional chains on a molecular backbone.