An apparatus includes an interconnect assembly configured to receive and retain multiple batteries. The interconnect assembly includes a retainer configured to receive portions of the batteries, a conductive interconnect layer carried by the retainer, and a terminal bar configured to transport electrical currents to and from the conductive interconnect layer. The conductive interconnect layer includes a conductive layer positioned between first and second insulative layers, where the conductive layer has a first thickness that is less than a thickness of the terminal bar. The conductive layer includes multiple interconnects configured to be coupled to cathodes and anodes of the batteries.

An apparatus includes an interconnect assembly configured to receive and retain multiple batteries. The interconnect assembly includes a retainer configured to receive portions of the batteries, a conductive interconnect layer carried by the retainer, and a terminal bar configured to transport electrical currents to and from the conductive interconnect layer. The conductive interconnect layer includes a conductive layer positioned between first and second insulative layers, where the conductive layer has a first thickness that is less than a thickness of the terminal bar. The conductive layer includes multiple interconnects configured to be coupled to cathodes and anodes of the batteries.

A battery module, including battery cells connected in series or connected in series and in parallel, a plurality of bus bars connected to corresponding electrode leads of the battery cells, and a voltage sensing member having sensing parts respectively connected to the bus bars, each of the plurality of bus bars having a pin hole perforated therethrough in a thickness direction, and each of the sensing parts having a solder pin configured to be inserted into and released from the pin hole.

A battery module, including battery cells connected in series or connected in series and in parallel, a plurality of bus bars connected to corresponding electrode leads of the battery cells, and a voltage sensing member having sensing parts respectively connected to the bus bars, each of the plurality of bus bars having a pin hole perforated therethrough in a thickness direction, and each of the sensing parts having a solder pin configured to be inserted into and released from the pin hole.

A battery pack including heterogeneous secondary batteries includes: a first battery set in which a plurality of first secondary batteries are stacked; and a second battery set in which a plurality of second secondary batteries are stacked, in which each of the first battery set and the second battery set is formed of a plurality, and the battery pack has an arrangement structure in which the plurality of first battery sets and the plurality of second battery sets are alternately stacked in one direction.

A battery pack including heterogeneous secondary batteries includes: a first battery set in which a plurality of first secondary batteries are stacked; and a second battery set in which a plurality of second secondary batteries are stacked, in which each of the first battery set and the second battery set is formed of a plurality, and the battery pack has an arrangement structure in which the plurality of first battery sets and the plurality of second battery sets are alternately stacked in one direction.

An apparatus includes an interconnect assembly configured to receive and retain multiple batteries. The interconnect assembly includes a retainer configured to receive portions of the batteries and a conductive interconnect layer carried by the retainer. The conductive interconnect layer includes a first layer of conductive material having a first thickness and a second layer of conductive material having a second thickness less than the first thickness. The first and second layers of conductive material are attached together to form the conductive interconnect layer. The second layer of conductive material includes multiple interconnects configured to be coupled to cathodes and anodes of the batteries.

An apparatus includes an interconnect assembly configured to receive and retain multiple batteries. The interconnect assembly includes a retainer configured to receive portions of the batteries and a conductive interconnect layer carried by the retainer. The conductive interconnect layer includes a first layer of conductive material having a first thickness and a second layer of conductive material having a second thickness less than the first thickness. The first and second layers of conductive material are attached together to form the conductive interconnect layer. The second layer of conductive material includes multiple interconnects configured to be coupled to cathodes and anodes of the batteries.

Methods and electronic devices for estimating state of charge (SOC) of a battery pack. Various embodiments provide a model comprising an (electrical) equivalent circuit model, an electrochemical (thermal) model, and a (convective) thermal model. The model estimates parameters pertaining to each cell of the battery pack individually, and determines the variations in the values of the parameters among each of the cells of the battery pack. The parameters include capacity, temperature current, voltage, and SOC. The parameters are computed based on at current drawn by the battery pack, electrochemical parameters, thermal parameters, and cell internal and connection resistances of the individual cells. Various embodiments compute battery pack uptime, chargeable capacity of the battery pack and SOC of the battery pack, based on the values of the parameters.

A battery pack includes a housing, and at least one housing structural beam and multiple electrode core strings electrically connected to one another located in the housing. The housing includes a housing body, including a top plate and a bottom plate arranged opposite to each other in a first direction. The structural beam is located between the top plate and the bottom plate, the at least one structural beam is connected to the top plate and the bottom plate, and divides the interior of the housing into multiple accommodating cavities, and at least one electrode core string is provided in at least one accommodating cavity. A mounting portion is provided on the housing, and the mounting portion is configured to be connected and fixed to an external load. The electrode core string includes multiple electrode core assemblies sequentially disposed in a second direction and connected in series.