A metal seawater fuel cell includes a single cell or a battery pack which is composed of more than two single cells connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel through circuits. The single cell has a metal anode arranged oppositely in a sealed single cell housing, a cathode carrying a hydrogen evolution catalyst, and a diaphragm arranged between the metal anode and the cathode, the bottom and the top of the single cell housing are respectively provided with fluid flow channels, and both ends of the fluid flow channels are respectively provided with openings communicated with the interior and exterior of the housing. The metal anode and/or single cell housing is placed in a closed transitional housing. The transitional housing is a degradable material or can be mechanically damaged by a driving device driven and started by a control device.

Provided are a thermal battery system and an ignition method of the same, wherein the thermal battery system includes: a thermal battery assembly including a plurality of thermal batteries arranged in series and in parallel; an ignition circuit connected to the plurality of thermal batteries in the thermal battery assembly; and a control unit configured to control the ignition circuit such that each of the plurality of thermal batteries in the thermal battery assembly is selectively ignited, wherein the control unit is configured to selectively ignite one of the plurality of thermal batteries in an active matrix manner by controlling an ignition circuit.

An apparatus includes a thermal battery, which includes a housing and one or more battery cells within the housing. Each battery cell includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte in each battery cell is configured to be in a solid state when the battery cell is inactive. The apparatus also includes a phase change material around at least part of the housing. The phase change material is configured to conduct external heat into the housing in order to melt the electrolyte in each battery cell and activate the battery cell. The phase change material is also configured to change phase in order to reduce conduction of the external heat into the housing.

A slurry is prepared by mixing active material particles, capsule-shaped particles, a binder, and an organic solvent. The slurry is applied to a surface of a substrate to form a coating film. The coating film is heated to dry to form an active material layer. The active material layer is compressed to produce an electrode. Each of the capsule-shaped particles includes a thermoplastic resin. The thermoplastic resin softens when heated in the presence of the organic solvent. When the thermoplastic resin softens, the capsule-shaped particles shrink to form voids in the active material layer.

A metal seawater fuel cell includes a single cell or a battery pack which is composed of more than two single cells connected in series or in parallel or in series and parallel through circuits. The single cell has a metal anode arranged oppositely in a sealed single cell housing, a cathode carrying a hydrogen evolution catalyst, and a diaphragm arranged between the metal anode and the cathode, the bottom and the top of the single cell housing are respectively provided with fluid flow channels, and both ends of the fluid flow channels are respectively provided with openings communicated with the interior and exterior of the housing. The metal anode and/or single cell housing is placed in a closed transitional housing. The transitional housing is a degradable material or can be mechanically damaged by a driving device driven and started by a control device.

It is an object to provide a metal-air battery and a method for removing an oxide film that can appropriately remove an oxide film while reducing waste of power required for removing the oxide film. The metal-air battery of the present invention includes a battery main body portion in which a metal electrode and an air electrode are arranged so as to be opposed to each other through an electrolytic solution, a USB terminal to which an external load is connected, and a controller for electrically connecting the battery main body portion and the USB terminal, the controller includes a microcomputer for determining connection or disconnection of an external load to or from the USB terminal, and when the microcomputer confirms the connection of the external load, a current for removing an oxide film is made to flow through a circuit including the metal electrode, the air electrode, and an oxide film removing resistor.

A battery cell housing and control system enables the use of liquid battery power systems in various applications, including downhole environments. The cell housing includes a plurality of conductive terminals spaced there-around to provide conductivity between the electrochemical solution and the load. Sensors provide orientation data to the control system to thereby determine which terminals should be activated to provide power to a load.

It is an object to provide a metal-air battery and a method for removing an oxide film that can appropriately remove an oxide film while reducing waste of power required for removing the oxide film. The metal-air battery of the present invention includes a battery main body portion in which a metal electrode and an air electrode are arranged so as to be opposed to each other through an electrolytic solution, a USB terminal to which an external load is connected, and a controller for electrically connecting the battery main body portion and the USB terminal, the controller includes a microcomputer for determining connection or disconnection of an external load to or from the USB terminal, and when the microcomputer confirms the connection of the external load, a current for removing an oxide film is made to flow through a circuit including the metal electrode, the air electrode, and an oxide film removing resistor.

An apparatus includes a thermal battery, which includes a housing and one or more battery cells within the housing. Each battery cell includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte in each battery cell is configured to be in a solid state when the battery cell is inactive. The apparatus also includes a phase change material around at least part of the housing. The phase change material is configured to conduct external heat into the housing in order to melt the electrolyte in each battery cell and activate the battery cell. The phase change material is also configured to change phase in order to reduce conduction of the external heat into the housing.

In one embodiment, a depassivating circuit includes a battery, a resistive load coupled to the battery, and a magnetic field sensor. The magnetic field sensor detects a presence of a magnetic field. The magnetic field sensor depassivates the battery by causing current from the battery to flow through the resistive load, in response to the presence of the magnetic field. The magnetic field sensor detects removal of the magnetic field. The magnetic field sensor ends depassivation of the battery, in response to the removal of the magnetic field.