An energy regulation method for a fuel cell energy supply system including a plurality of fuel cell power generation modules, a plurality of power conversion modules, and a communication control module connected to the plurality of power conversion modules includes: calculating a parameter average value based on an energy state parameter of the fuel cell power generation module; calculating a compensation factor depending on the energy state parameter and the parameter average value; calculating a control parameter reference value of each of the power conversion modules based on a droop algorithm, and multiplying the control parameter reference value by the corresponding compensation factor to obtain a control parameter set value of the power conversion module; and regulating the corresponding fuel cell power generation modules depending on the control parameter set value.

A method for determining an average oxidation state (AOS) of a redox flow battery system includes measuring a charge capacity for a low potential charging period starting from a discharged state of the redox flow battery system to a turning point of a charge voltage; and determining the AOS using the measured charge capacity and volumes of anolyte and catholyte of the redox flow battery system. Other methods can be used to determine the AOS for a redox flow battery system or use discharge voltage instead of charging voltage.

A method for determining an average oxidation state (AOS) of a redox flow battery system includes measuring a charge capacity for a low potential charging period starting from a discharged state of the redox flow battery system to a turning point of a charge voltage; and determining the AOS using the measured charge capacity and volumes of anolyte and catholyte of the redox flow battery system. Other methods can be used to determine the AOS for a redox flow battery system or use discharge voltage instead of charging voltage.

The present disclosure discloses a flow battery system and a large-scale flow battery energy storage device. The flow battery system comprises multiple flow batteries; each of the flow batteries comprises a battery pack A, a battery pack B, a battery pack C, and a set of electrolyte circulation system used by the battery pack A, the battery pack B and the battery pack C; the battery pack A, the battery pack B and the battery pack C comprised in each flow battery are independent of each other in the circuit. According to the present disclosure, at least two sets of electrolyte circulation system are saved under the same power scale, such that the system stability is improved while the cost is reduced.

The present disclosure discloses a flow battery system and a large-scale flow battery energy storage device. The flow battery system comprises multiple flow batteries; each of the flow batteries comprises a battery pack A, a battery pack B, a battery pack C, and a set of electrolyte circulation system used by the battery pack A, the battery pack B and the battery pack C; the battery pack A, the battery pack B and the battery pack C comprised in each flow battery are independent of each other in the circuit. According to the present disclosure, at least two sets of electrolyte circulation system are saved under the same power scale, such that the system stability is improved while the cost is reduced.

Systems and methods configured to receive a set of real-time flight conditions and a user-selected objective function. The user-selected objective function is one of a plurality of objective functions. The systems and methods determine, with an emissions tuning model, one of a plurality of sets of fuel cell operating conditions based on the set of real-time flight conditions and the user-selected objective function. The systems and methods are configured to control a fuel cell assembly operating parameter according to the determined one of the plurality of sets of fuel cell operating conditions.

Systems and methods configured to receive a set of real-time flight conditions and a user-selected objective function. The user-selected objective function is one of a plurality of objective functions. The systems and methods determine, with an emissions tuning model, one of a plurality of sets of fuel cell operating conditions based on the set of real-time flight conditions and the user-selected objective function. The systems and methods are configured to control a fuel cell assembly operating parameter according to the determined one of the plurality of sets of fuel cell operating conditions.

System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to safely activating a fuel cell (FC) within a generator. In one embodiment, a method includes initiating a test for sensitive systems of a generator using backup power including a battery. The method also includes powering an FC and a direct current (DC) converter within the generator to an operational level using the battery, wherein the DC converter stabilizes a circuit fed by the FC. The method also includes, upon successfully completing the test and powering the FC and the DC converter, energizing a load inverter after completing a non-critical sequence that controls support systems of the generator, wherein the DC converter stabilizes energy between the FC, the battery, and the load inverter.

System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to safely activating a fuel cell (FC) within a generator. In one embodiment, a method includes initiating a test for sensitive systems of a generator using backup power including a battery. The method also includes powering an FC and a direct current (DC) converter within the generator to an operational level using the battery, wherein the DC converter stabilizes a circuit fed by the FC. The method also includes, upon successfully completing the test and powering the FC and the DC converter, energizing a load inverter after completing a non-critical sequence that controls support systems of the generator, wherein the DC converter stabilizes energy between the FC, the battery, and the load inverter.

A propulsion system including: a fuel cell assembly comprising a fuel cell, the fuel cell defining an outlet positioned to remove output products from the fuel cell and a fuel cell assembly operating condition; a combustion section that includes a combustor configured to receive a flow of aviation fuel from the aircraft fuel supply and further configured to receive the output products from the fuel cell; and a controller comprising memory and one or more processors, the memory storing instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the propulsion system to perform operations including: determining data indicative of at least one of an enthalpy or a composition of the output products from the fuel cell; and modifying the flow of aviation fuel from the aircraft fuel supply to the combustor based on the at least one of the enthalpy or the composition of the output products.