Embodiments provide a bipolar plate for a battery, which can enhance battery efficiency by reducing a contact resistance in contact with an electrode, and a redox flow battery having the same are provided. According to at least one embodiment, there is provided a bipolar plate including a thermoplastic portion formed on at least a part thereof to be brought into contact with an electrode and having conductivity, wherein the thermoplastic portion having the conductivity is morphologically matched with the electrode.

A device for generating bubbles, comprising a porous material having at least one hydrophilic surface (1), arranged such that a liquid (7) in which the bubbles (6) are intended to be formed may contact the hydrophilic surface (1) and at least one hydrophobic surface (2), arranged such that a gas (5) used to generate the bubbles (6) may flow past the hydrophobic surface (2) before it flows past the hydrophilic surface (1). The device may be used for creating fine bubbles in numerous applications, such as wastewater treatment, plant cultivation, aquafarming, aeration systems, bioreactors, fermeters, oil extraction or fuel cells.

The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte for use in rechargeable zinc-halide storage batteries that possesses improved stability and durability and improves zinc-halide battery performance. One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolyte for use in a secondary zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprising from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of ZnBr.sub.2 by weight of the electrolyte; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KBr; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KCl; and one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.

A redox flow battery includes a cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells, a positive electrolyte circulation mechanism configured to circulate a positive electrolyte in the cell stack, and a negative electrolyte circulation mechanism configure l to circulate a negative electrolyte in the cell stack. The redox flow battery includes a pressure difference forming mechanism that makes one of a pressure loss in a positive pipeline included in the positive electrolyte circulation mechanism and a pressure loss in a negative pipeline included in the negative electrolyte circulation mechanism greater than the other so that, when the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte are circulated in the cell stack, a pressure difference state is created where there is a difference between the pressures of the positive and negative electrolytes acting on a separation membrane included in each battery cell.

A redox flow battery includes a cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells, a positive electrolyte circulation mechanism configured to circulate a positive electrolyte in the cell stack, and a negative electrolyte circulation mechanism configure l to circulate a negative electrolyte in the cell stack. The redox flow battery includes a pressure difference forming mechanism that makes one of a pressure loss in a positive pipeline included in the positive electrolyte circulation mechanism and a pressure loss in a negative pipeline included in the negative electrolyte circulation mechanism greater than the other so that, when the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte are circulated in the cell stack, a pressure difference state is created where there is a difference between the pressures of the positive and negative electrolytes acting on a separation membrane included in each battery cell.

Disclosed is an electrolyte for a redox flow battery including at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a taurine compound and an amino acid compound. Thus, it is possible to provide an electrolyte for a redox flow battery which may have high solubility of active materials, be stable at high temperature or high pH, and show excellent electrochemical properties. In addition, when the electrolyte for a redox flow battery includes a nitrogen (N)-containing organic molecule having high redox activity as an active material, it is possible to realize a high-efficiency demetallized redox flow battery capable of solving the problems of dendrite formation or irreversible precipitation fundamentally.

A redox flow battery and battery system are provided. In one example, the redox flow battery includes a cell stack assembly interposed by two endplates and comprising a plurality of mated membrane frame plates and bipolar frame plates forming, at a mated interface, a plurality of negative and positive flow channels configured to distribute negative and positive electrolyte into a plurality of bipolar plates. In the battery a membrane is coupled to each of the plurality of membrane frame plates and positioned sequentially between two of the bipolar plates included in the plurality of bipolar plates.

Methods, systems, and computer program products for mitigating the effects of shading in photovoltaic cells using flow batteries are provided herein. A computer-implemented method includes connecting at least one fuel stack to one or more photovoltaic cells, wherein each fuel stack comprises (i) one or more ports and (ii) one or more electrochemical cells; determining that one or more portions of the one or more photovoltaic cells are impacted by a shading effect; converting chemical energy stored in an electrolytic solution to electrical energy, by interacting the electrolytic solution with the electrochemical cells of each fuel stack connected to the portions of the impacted photovoltaic cells; automatically opening the ports of each fuel stack connected to the one or more portions of the impacted photovoltaic cells; and supplying the electrical energy to the portions of the impacted photovoltaic cells.

A data communication device includes a battery having a first flowable electrolyte. In some embodiments, the battery is a redox flow battery (RFB) or a hybrid RFB. A first channel contains the first flowable electrolyte of the battery (i.e., contains at least a portion of the first flowable electrolyte). The first channel may include a tube and/or a reservoir. At least a portion of the first channel may be flexible and/or stretchable. The first channel has a first electrode configured to impart and/or receive a first electrical signal in the first flowable electrolyte. The first electrical signal may be a digital signal. The first electrical signal may be an encoded signal. The device may include a transceiver in electronic communication with the first electrode.

Provided are assemblies, comprising: a first leaf spring; a second leaf spring; and at least one component; the first leaf spring and the second leaf spring being superposed over a first end of the at least one component so as to exert first and second forces, respectively, through first and second regions of the component. These assemblies are useful to apply different forces to a stacked assembly where a cross section of a component of the assembly comprises materials of different Young's moduli within that cross section, thereby compressing different regions of the component with different forces.