It is described a Zn—Fe quasi-solid redox battery (QSRB) making use of low cost and earth abundant materials as reactive species, comprising: —a first half-cell comprising a first quasi-solid electrolyte in which are dissolved Zn.sup.2+ ions or a first quasi-solid electrolyte in which are dispersed organic and/or inorganic electroactive particles containing zinc ions in different oxidation states, and a current collector and an electrode disposed within the first half-cell; —a second half-cell comprising a second quasi-solid electrolyte in which are dissolved Fe.sup.2+ and Fe.sup.3+ ions or a second quasi-solid electrolyte in which are dispersed organic and/or inorganic electroactive particles containing Fe.sup.2+ and Fe.sup.3+ ions, and a current collector and an electrode disposed within the second half-cell; and —a separator between the two half-cells.

An anolyte for a redox-flow battery (RFB) comprising a metal-ion complex and a phosphonate-based ligand having a phosphonic group wherein the phosphonic acid group is directly coordinated to a metal-ion.

A zinc-iron chloride flow battery relies on mixed, equimolar electrolytes to maintain a consistent open-circuit voltage of about 1.5 V and stable performance during continuous charge-discharge. Considering the good performance relative to the low-cost materials, zinc-iron chloride flow batteries represent a promising new approach in grid-scale and other energy storage applications.

An individual solid oxide cell (SOC) constructed of a sandwich configuration including in the following order: an oxygen electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, a fuel electrode, a fuel manifold, and at least one layer of mesh. In one embodiment, the mesh supports a reforming catalyst resulting in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) having a reformer embedded therein. The reformer-modified SOFC functions internally to steam reform or partially oxidize a gaseous hydrocarbon, e.g. methane, to a gaseous reformate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is converted in the SOC to water, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, and an electrical current. In another embodiment, an electrical insulator is disposed between the fuel manifold and the mesh resulting in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), which functions to electrolyze water and/or carbon dioxide.

The present disclosure relates to a heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1), (2) or (3), or a salt thereof. The present disclosure also relates to an active material containing at least one heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof described above, an electrolytic solution containing the active material, and a redox flow battery including the electrolytic solution.

The present disclosure relates to a heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1), (2) or (3), or a salt thereof. The present disclosure also relates to an active material containing at least one heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof described above, an electrolytic solution containing the active material, and a redox flow battery including the electrolytic solution.

A gas diffusion assembly for a fuel cell includes: a sheetlike gas diffusion layer disposed on a carrier substrate, a sealing arrangement being disposed on at least one main side of the carrier substrate, and a connecting portion of the sealing arrangement being assigned to a surrounding edge of the gas diffusion layer, the connecting portion forming a sealing bead. The connecting portion fastens the gas diffusion layer with material bonding on the carrier substrate.

An electrode assembly for a flow battery is disclosed comprising a porous electrode material, a frame surrounding the porous electrode material, at least a distributor tube embedded in the porous electrode material having an inlet for supplying electrolyte to the porous electrode material and at least another distributor tube embedded in the porous electrode material having an outlet for discharging electrolyte out of the porous material. The walls of the distributor tubes are preferably provided with holes or pores for allowing a uniform distribution of the electrolyte within the electrode material. The distributor tubes provide the required electrolyte flow path length within the electrode material to minimize shunt current flowing between the flow cells in the battery stack.

An article comprising a first gas distribution layer (100), a first gas dispersion layer (200), or a first electrode layer, having first and second opposed major surfaces and a first adhesive layer having first and second opposed major surfaces, wherein the second major surface (102) of the first gas distribution layer (100), the second major surface (202) of the first gas dispersion layer (200), or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, has a central area, wherein the first major surface of the first adhesive layer contacts at least the central area of the second major surface of the first gas distribution layer, the second major surface of the first gas dispersion layer, or the first major surface of the first electrode layer, as applicable, and wherein the first adhesive layer comprises a porous network of first adhesive including a continuous pore network extending between the first and second major surfaces of the first adhesive layer. The articles described herein are useful, for example, in membrane electrode assemblies, unitized electrode assemblies, and electrochemical devices (e.g., fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and electrolyzers).

The present specification relates to a compound comprising an aromatic ring, a polymer comprising the same, a polyelectrolyte membrane comprising the same, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane, a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane.