A glass ceramic seal is formed from a precursor material that includes from 80 mol % to 100 mol % of a primary component containing, on an oxide basis, from 25 mol % to 55 mol % SiO.sub.2, from 20 mol % to 45 mol % CaO, from 5 mol % to 30 mol % MgO, and from 0 mol % to 15 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

A glass ceramic seal is formed from a precursor material that includes from 80 mol % to 100 mol % of a primary component containing, on an oxide basis, from 25 mol % to 55 mol % SiO.sub.2, from 20 mol % to 45 mol % CaO, from 5 mol % to 30 mol % MgO, and from 0 mol % to 15 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

A cell including: a body having a first end portion and a second end portion; a first electrode layer electrically connected to the body; a solid electrolyte layer located on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer located on the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the body includes a plurality of gas-flow passages passing through the body from the first end portion to the second end portion; and the plurality of gas-flow passages include: one or more center-shifted gas-flow passages that include: a central portion and a first end portion; wherein a center of the one or more center-shifted gas-flow passages at the central portion is laterally shifted from a center of the one or more center- shifted gas-flow passages at the first end portion and a diameter of the one or more center-shifted gas-flow passages gradually increases from the central portion to the first end portion.

A cell including: a body having a first end portion and a second end portion; a first electrode layer electrically connected to the body; a solid electrolyte layer located on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer located on the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the body includes a plurality of gas-flow passages passing through the body from the first end portion to the second end portion; and the plurality of gas-flow passages include: one or more center-shifted gas-flow passages that include: a central portion and a first end portion; wherein a center of the one or more center-shifted gas-flow passages at the central portion is laterally shifted from a center of the one or more center- shifted gas-flow passages at the first end portion and a diameter of the one or more center-shifted gas-flow passages gradually increases from the central portion to the first end portion.

The present invention includes a fuel cell system having a plurality of adjacent electrochemical cells formed of an anode layer, a cathode layer spaced apart from the anode layer, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The fuel cell system also includes at least one interconnect, the interconnect being structured to conduct free electrons between adjacent electrochemical cells. Each interconnect includes a primary conductor embedded within the electrolyte layer and structured to conduct the free electrons.

A high-temperature fuel cell system includes a reformer that reforms a hydrocarbon-based raw fuel to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen, a fuel cell that generates power by using the reformed gas and an oxidant gas, and a burner that heats the reformer. The burner includes an anode-off-gas gathering portion that has an anode-off-gas ejection hole and at which an anode off-gas discharged from an anode of the fuel cell gathers. The anode-off-gas gathering portion surrounds a first cathode-off-gas passing area through which a cathode off-gas discharged from a cathode of the fuel cell passes. The anode-off-gas ejection hole is formed such that the anode off-gas ejected upward from the anode-off-gas ejection hole approaches the cathode off-gas passing upward through the first cathode-off-gas passing area. The anode off-gas ejected from the anode-off-gas ejection hole and the cathode off-gas that has passed through the first cathode-off-gas passing area are burned.

A manifold includes first and second manifold main bodies. The first manifold main body includes a gas supply chamber that is connected to a first gas channel and the second manifold main body includes a gas collection chamber that is connected to a second gas channel. The first manifold main body includes a top plate, a first bottom plate, and a first side plate. The top plate includes a first through hole for connecting the first gas channel and the gas supply chamber. The second manifold main body includes the top plate, a second bottom plate, and a second side plate. The top plate also includes a second through hole for connecting the second gas channel and the gas collection chamber. The first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are constituted by members that are separate from each other.

A cell according to the present disclosure includes: a solid electrolyte layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a fuel electrode on the first surface; an air electrode on the second surface; and a middle layer between the second surface and the air electrode. The middle layer=is a CeO.sub.2-type sintered body containing Si, the content of Si equivalent to or less than 150 ppm in terms of SiO.sub.2. A cell stack device includes a cell stack in which the plurality of cells is aligned. A module includes: a storage container; and the cell stack device that is housed in the storage container. A module housing device includes: an external case; the module and an auxiliary equipment that drives the module, which are housed in the external case.

To provide a conductive member and a cell stack, where a concave groove of a conductive base substrate can be covered with a cover layer, as well as an electrochemical module and an electrochemical device.

The invention relates to a rechargeable battery and a method to operate a rechargeable battery having high efficiency and high energy density for storing energy. The battery stores electrical energy in the bonds of carbon and oxygen atoms by converting carbon dioxide into solid carbon and oxygen.