Disclosed is a device including a first line, a second line including a first section disposed on a first side of the first line and a second section disposed on a second side of the first line, the second side being opposite to the first side and the second section being separate from the first section by a distance, and at least one bridge electrically connecting an end of the first section with an end of the second section and extending across the first line. The device may be a directional coupler that achieves significantly higher directivity than conventional directional coupler structures, and hence, improves power detection accuracy.

A 90-degree 3 dB coupler with an input port, an isolated port, a first output port, and a second output port has an input connector strip connected to the input port, and an isolated port connector strip connected to the isolated port. A first output connector strip is connected to the first output port, and a second output connector strip is connected to the second output port. A first interconnect strip is connected to the input connector strip and a second interconnect strip is connected to the isolated port connector strip. A first one of conductive coupled strips extend from the input connector strip to the second output connector strip, while a second one of the conductive coupled strips extend from the first interconnect strip to the second interconnect strip. A third one of the conductive coupled strips extends from the first interconnect strip to the second output connector strip.

Phase shifters such as networks that can be used in MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) and hybrid digital phase shifters, for low loss, wide bandwidth, and high linearity. A digital phase shifter includes input port for receiving signals and output ports for transmitting the signals. Multiple transmission lines are arranged between the input and output ports of the phase shifter. The transmission lines are arranged in a ring with first pair of the transmission lines which are arranged in series in a first path and second pair of the transmission lines arranged in series in a second path. One of the transmission lines of the first and second pairs include quarter-wave hybrid coupled line with coupled-ports and through-ports terminated in short-circuit. Hybrid coupled line can be a Lange coupler with or without RF crossover.

A balun and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. According to an embodiment, the balun comprises a substrate, and a first and a second coplanar waveguide (CPW) couplers which are disposed on the substrate and cascaded with each other. Each CPW coupler comprises two first ground planes disposed on a first side of the substrate, a first microstrip line and at least two second microstrip lines which are disposed on the first side of the substrate between the two first ground planes, and at least one third microstrip line that is disposed on an opposite side of the substrate. The first microstrip line and the at least two second microstrip lines can be coupled with each other by electromagnetic coupling. The at least one third microstrip line electrically connects the at least two second microstrip lines with each other by via-holes.

A 90° hybrid inductive-capacitive coupling stage includes two first stage terminals capable of forming two stage inputs or two stage outputs and two second stage terminals capable of respectively forming two stage outputs or two stage inputs. The coupling stage is advantageously modular having a first stage axis of symmetry and a second stage axis of symmetry orthogonal to each other with neighboring inductive metal tracks being overlaid in at least one crossing region to form both an inductive circuit and a capacitive circuit. The metal tracks are coupled to the first stage terminals and to the second stage terminals such that the two first stage terminals are situated on one side of the first stage axis of symmetry and the two second stage terminals are situated on the other side of the first stage axis of symmetry.

A 90 hybrid inductive-capacitive coupling stage includes two first stage terminals capable of forming two stage inputs or two stage outputs and two second stage terminals capable of respectively forming two stage outputs or two stage inputs. The coupling stage is advantageously modular having a first stage axis of symmetry and a second stage axis of symmetry orthogonal to each other with neighboring inductive metal tracks being overlaid in at least one crossing region to form both an inductive circuit and a capacitive circuit. The metal tracks are coupled to the first stage terminals and to the second stage terminals such that the two first stage terminals are situated on one side of the first stage axis of symmetry and the two second stage terminals are situated on the other side of the first stage axis of symmetry.

Disclosed is a device including a first line, a second line including a first section disposed on a first side of the first line and a second section disposed on a second side of the first line, the second side being opposite to the first side and the second section being separate from the first section by a distance, and at least one bridge electrically connecting an end of the first section with an end of the second section and extending across the first line. The device may be a directional coupler that achieves significantly higher directivity than conventional directional coupler structures, and hence, improves power detection accuracy.

There is provided an ultra-small size broadband coupler. A Lange coupler according to an embodiment includes: first lines which are formed in a spiral shape, and have a first port and a second port formed at one end thereof and have connection ends formed at the other end thereof; and second lines which are formed in a spiral shape, and have connection ends formed at one end thereof to be connected to the connection ends of the first lines, and have a third port and a fourth port formed at the other end thereof. Accordingly, the Lange coupler maintains broadband characteristics while minimizing its area, so that it is possible to design a small component for mobile communication and to noticeably reduce an insertion loss.

A power amplifier structure having: a power divider for dividing power in a signal fed to an input port between a pair of output ports. Each one of a pair of amplifiers has: an input coupled to a corresponding one of the pair of power divider output ports; and an output. A power combiner is provided. Signals at the power divider output ports are fed to the inputs of the pair of amplifiers in a forward direction and then pass through the amplifiers in the forward direction towards the outputs of the pair of amplifiers. Connectors direct the signals at the amplifier outputs to the power combiners, the signal then passing through the power combiner to an output port in a direction opposite to the forward direction.

An example hybrid coupler is provided. An example hybrid coupler includes two or more transmission lines, a plurality of conductive strips, and a switch. The plurality of conductive strips are positioned proximate to at least one transmission line of the hybrid coupler. The proximity of the conductive strips alters a tuning equivalent capacitance between the at least one transmission line and a reference ground plane. According to slow-wave principles, a spacing distance between the conductive strips is smaller than or similar to the dielectric gap between the transmission line and the conductive strips. The switch is electrically connected to each conductive strip of the plurality of conductive strips and the reference ground plane. The tuning equivalent capacitance between the at least one transmission line and the ground plane is adapted based on a state of the switch, changing the tuning equivalent capacitance and center frequency of the hybrid coupler.