A 90-degree, 3 dB coupler has an input port, an isolated port, a first output port, and a second output port. A plurality of solenoid structures are arranged in a parallel, spaced relationship. A first group of the interconnects bridge the solenoid structures of a first set that define a first contiguous connection from the input port to the first output port. A second group of interconnects bridge the solenoid structures of a second set that define a second contiguous connection from the isolated port to the second output port. A third group of interconnects bridge the solenoid structures of a third set that define a third contiguous connection from the isolated port to the second output port. The solenoid structures are each unique to a respective one of the first set, second set, and the third set.

A reconfigurable quadrature coupler is disclosed. The reconfigurable quadrature coupler includes an input port transmission line connected to a first port, a coupled port transmission line and a coupled port transformer connected between the coupled port transmission line and a second port. The coupled port transformer is configured to have a selectable second port reflection coefficient. The reconfigurable quadrature coupler further includes an isolation port transmission line and an isolation port transformer connected between the isolation transmission line and a third port. The isolation port transformer is configured to have a selectable third port reflection coefficient. Also included is a through port transmission line and a through port transformer connected between the through port transmission line and a fourth port. The through port transformer is configured to have a selectable fourth port reflection coefficient.

A method of operating a reconfigurable quadrature coupler is disclosed. The method includes determining a first switchable impedance to provide a second port reflection coefficient by operating a coupled port transformer, which coupled port transformer is coupled to a second port having a coupled port transmission line connected to a first transistor; determining a second switchable impedance to provide a third port reflection coefficient by operating an isolation port transformer, which isolation port transformer is coupled to a third port having an isolation port transmission line connected to a second transistor; and determining a fourth switchable impedance to provide a fourth port reflection coefficient by operating a through port transformer, which through port transformer is coupled to a fourth port having a through port transmission line connected to a third transistor, and switching on or off selected ones of the first, second, and third transistors by operating a controller.

There is provided an ultra-small size broadband coupler. A Lange coupler according to an embodiment includes: first lines which are formed in a spiral shape, and have a first port and a second port formed at one end thereof and have connection ends formed at the other end thereof; and second lines which are formed in a spiral shape, and have connection ends formed at one end thereof to be connected to the connection ends of the first lines, and have a third port and a fourth port formed at the other end thereof. Accordingly, the Lange coupler maintains broadband characteristics while minimizing its area, so that it is possible to design a small component for mobile communication and to noticeably reduce an insertion loss.

Disclosed is a device including a first line, a second line including a first section disposed on a first side of the first line and a second section disposed on a second side of the first line, the second side being opposite to the first side and the second section being separate from the first section by a distance, and at least one bridge electrically connecting an end of the first section with an end of the second section and extending across the first line. The device may be a directional coupler that achieves significantly higher directivity than conventional directional coupler structures, and hence, improves power detection accuracy.

Phase shifters such as networks that can be used in MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) and hybrid digital phase shifters, for low loss, wide bandwidth, and high linearity. A digital phase shifter includes input port for receiving signals and output ports for transmitting the signals. Multiple transmission lines are arranged between the input and output ports of the phase shifter. The transmission lines are arranged in a ring with first pair of the transmission lines which are arranged in series in a first path and second pair of the transmission lines arranged in series in a second path. One of the transmission lines of the first and second pairs include quarter-wave hybrid coupled line with coupled-ports and through-ports terminated in short-circuit. Hybrid coupled line can be a Lange coupler with or without RF crossover.

A method of operating a reconfigurable quadrature coupler is disclosed. The method includes determining a first switchable impedance to provide a second port reflection coefficient by operating a coupled port transformer, which coupled port transformer is coupled to a second port having a coupled port transmission line connected to a first transistor; determining a second switchable impedance to provide a third port reflection coefficient by operating an isolation port transformer, which isolation port transformer is coupled to a third port having an isolation port transmission line connected to a second transistor; and determining a fourth switchable impedance to provide a fourth port reflection coefficient by operating a through port transformer, which through port transformer is coupled to a fourth port having a through port transmission line connected to a third transistor, and switching on or off selected ones of the first, second, and third transistors by operating a controller.

Disclosed is a device including a first line, a second line including a first section disposed on a first side of the first line and a second section disposed on a second side of the first line, the second side being opposite to the first side and the second section being separate from the first section by a distance, and at least one bridge electrically connecting an end of the first section with an end of the second section and extending across the first line. The device may be a directional coupler that achieves significantly higher directivity than conventional directional coupler structures, and hence, improves power detection accuracy.

A reconfigurable quadrature coupler is disclosed. The reconfigurable quadrature coupler includes an input port transmission line connected to a first port, a coupled port transmission line and a coupled port transformer connected between the coupled port transmission line and a second port. The coupled port transformer is configured to have a selectable second port reflection coefficient. The reconfigurable quadrature coupler further includes an isolation port transmission line and an isolation port transformer connected between the isolation transmission line and a third port. The isolation port transformer is configured to have a selectable third port reflection coefficient. Also included is a through port transmission line and a through port transformer connected between the through port transmission line and a fourth port. The through port transformer is configured to have a selectable fourth port reflection coefficient.

A balun and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. According to an embodiment, the balun comprises a substrate, and a first and a second coplanar waveguide (CPW) couplers which are disposed on the substrate and cascaded with each other. Each CPW coupler comprises two first ground planes disposed on a first side of the substrate, a first microstrip line and at least two second microstrip lines which are disposed on the first side of the substrate between the two first ground planes, and at least one third microstrip line that is disposed on an opposite side of the substrate. The first microstrip line and the at least two second microstrip lines can be coupled with each other by electromagnetic coupling. The at least one third microstrip line electrically connects the at least two second microstrip lines with each other by via-holes.