An image forming apparatus includes a housing, a communication board, and a display device. The housing has an upper end portion, a front end portion, and a rear end portion. The front end portion and the rear end portion define a frontward/rearward direction. The communication board is provided on the upper end portion and includes an antenna for near field wireless communication. The display device is provided on the upper end portion. The display device and the antenna are arrayed on a straight line extending in the frontward/rearward direction such that the antenna is positioned frontward of the display device.

An image forming apparatus includes a housing, a communication board, and a display device. The housing has an upper end portion, a front end portion, and a rear end portion. The front end portion and the rear end portion define a frontward/rearward direction. The communication board is provided on the upper end portion and includes an antenna for near field wireless communication. The display device is provided on the upper end portion. The display device and the antenna are arrayed on a straight line extending in the frontward/rearward direction such that the antenna is positioned frontward of the display device.

An electronic modulating device is provided. The electronic modulating device includes a substrate, a plurality of first modulating electrodes disposed on the substrate, and a plurality of second modulating electrodes disposed on the substrate. The area of one of the first modulating electrodes is greater than the area of one of the second modulating electrodes. The ratio of the number of first modulating electrodes to the number of second modulating electrodes is in a range from 0.5 to 2.0.

An electronic modulating device is provided. The electronic modulating device includes a substrate, a plurality of first modulating electrodes disposed on the substrate, and a plurality of second modulating electrodes disposed on the substrate. The area of one of the first modulating electrodes is greater than the area of one of the second modulating electrodes. The ratio of the number of first modulating electrodes to the number of second modulating electrodes is in a range from 0.5 to 2.0.

A communications apparatus to be installed on high mast lighting systems or other vertical assets with significant above ground projections. The apparatus is designed to mount to existing light ring spokes or other existing mounting structures. The system is powered during nighttime hours by grid power and during daylight hours by internal battery storage. A uniquely-oriented directional dual polarity MIMO antenna adapted for high mast mounting supports communications with mobile vehicles using MIMO emissions in a North/South and East/West polarization. Mobile vehicle clients may then use dual polarized antennas including skyward-looking radiation patterns with major lobes that are oriented directly up towards the sky.

A communications apparatus to be installed on high mast lighting systems or other vertical assets with significant above ground projections. The apparatus is designed to mount to existing light ring spokes or other existing mounting structures. The system is powered during nighttime hours by grid power and during daylight hours by internal battery storage. A uniquely-oriented directional dual polarity MIMO antenna adapted for high mast mounting supports communications with mobile vehicles using MIMO emissions in a North/South and East/West polarization. Mobile vehicle clients may then use dual polarized antennas including skyward-looking radiation patterns with major lobes that are oriented directly up towards the sky.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

A wireless control device, such as a system controller for a load control system, may comprise a light-transmissive cover for an antenna that may be illuminated to provide feedback to a user of the load control system. The light-transmissive cover may receive light energy from a light-generating circuit to provide a visible display of the light energy. The wireless control device may be mounted to, for example, a ceiling, and the light-transmissive cover may extend from the wireless control device (e.g., down from the ceiling). The light-transmissive cover may be viewed by a user at large viewing angles and at a distance away from the wireless control device, which may simplify and improve reliability of commissioning of the load control system as well as speed up troubleshooting of the load control system after commissioning is completed.

A wireless control device, such as a system controller for a load control system, may comprise a light-transmissive cover for an antenna that may be illuminated to provide feedback to a user of the load control system. The light-transmissive cover may receive light energy from a light-generating circuit to provide a visible display of the light energy. The wireless control device may be mounted to, for example, a ceiling, and the light-transmissive cover may extend from the wireless control device (e.g., down from the ceiling). The light-transmissive cover may be viewed by a user at large viewing angles and at a distance away from the wireless control device, which may simplify and improve reliability of commissioning of the load control system as well as speed up troubleshooting of the load control system after commissioning is completed.