Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a polarization shifter including a lower substrate having disposed thereon first and second transmission lines for coupling to a feed network, an upper substrate having disposed thereon third and fourth transmission lines for respective communicative coupling to orthogonally-polarized elements of a radiating element, and a dielectric layer residing between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, the upper substrate being configured to mechanically couple to the radiating element, the dielectric layer coupling the first transmission line with the third transmission line and coupling the second transmission line with the fourth transmission line, the upper substrate being rotatable relative to the lower substrate to effect polarization adjusting for the radiating element to facilitate avoidance of interference or passive intermodulation (PIM). Other embodiments are disclosed.

Methods and systems for a steerable antenna array are disclosed. The antenna array includes an array of antenna elements aligned in rows and columns on a substrate. Additionally, the antenna array includes a microstrip feed within the substrate, where the feed is configured to electromagnetically couple to each antenna element of the array of antenna elements. The antenna array further includes a ground plane within the substrate. Additionally, for each antenna element, the antenna array includes a first cavity disposed between the ground plane and feed, and a second cavity disposed on the other side of the ground plane from the first cavity. The antenna array further includes a plurality of fluid lines configured to selectively add or remove fluid from the cavities coupled to the fluid line and cause a deflection of the ground plane in a region of the cavities coupled to the fluid line.

Methods and systems for a steerable antenna array are disclosed. The antenna array includes an array of antenna elements aligned in rows and columns on a substrate. Additionally, the antenna array includes a microstrip feed within the substrate, where the feed is configured to electromagnetically couple to each antenna element of the array of antenna elements. The antenna array further includes a ground plane within the substrate. Additionally, for each antenna element, the antenna array includes a first cavity disposed between the ground plane and feed, and a second cavity disposed on the other side of the ground plane from the first cavity. The antenna array further includes a plurality of fluid lines configured to selectively add or remove fluid from the cavities coupled to the fluid line and cause a deflection of the ground plane in a region of the cavities coupled to the fluid line.

Disclosed is an individual rotating radiating element which causes an electrical phase change with the mechanical rotary motion of a rotating radiating element and an array antenna using the same. The individual rotating radiating element comprises an auxiliary structure formed of a dielectric, a helix element inserted into a spiral groove on a side surface of the auxiliary structure, a ground plate coupled to a lower surface of the auxiliary structure; a driving unit including an opening in which the ground plate is placed and rotating the auxiliary structure, and a spatial electromagnetic coupling structure having a first feed pin and a second feed pin electromagnetically coupled each other during power feeding is inserted through a lower surface spaced apart from the upper surface with an inner space therebetween.

Disclosed is an individual rotating radiating element which causes an electrical phase change with the mechanical rotary motion of a rotating radiating element and an array antenna using the same. The individual rotating radiating element comprises an auxiliary structure formed of a dielectric, a helix element inserted into a spiral groove on a side surface of the auxiliary structure, a ground plate coupled to a lower surface of the auxiliary structure; a driving unit including an opening in which the ground plate is placed and rotating the auxiliary structure, and a spatial electromagnetic coupling structure having a first feed pin and a second feed pin electromagnetically coupled each other during power feeding is inserted through a lower surface spaced apart from the upper surface with an inner space therebetween.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, by a radio frequency (RF) mechanical device, signals relating to one or more crossed-dipole radiating elements of an antenna system, performing, by the RF mechanical device, polarization rotation of the signals to derive output signals having polarizations that are rotated in a manner that mimics physical rotation of the one or more crossed-dipole radiating elements, and providing, by the RF mechanical device, the output signals to enable avoidance of interference. Other embodiments are disclosed.

RF signal transmission devices for a base station antenna include a printed circuit board which has a dielectric layer, a metal pattern layer on a first main surface of the dielectric layer, and a ground layer on a second main surface of the dielectric layer. The metal pattern layer has a transmission line deformation section for enhancing the ability to withstand surge current, and the ground layer comprises a groove that is configured to at least partially compensate for the change in the characteristic impedance due to the transmission line deformation section. The RF signal transmission device can achieve good characteristic impedance matching whilst enhancing the capacity to withstand surge current. In addition, the RF signal transmission device can improve PIM performance. The present disclosure also includes a phase shifter for a base station antenna and a base station antenna.

RF signal transmission devices for a base station antenna include a printed circuit board which has a dielectric layer, a metal pattern layer on a first main surface of the dielectric layer, and a ground layer on a second main surface of the dielectric layer. The metal pattern layer has a transmission line deformation section for enhancing the ability to withstand surge current, and the ground layer comprises a groove that is configured to at least partially compensate for the change in the characteristic impedance due to the transmission line deformation section. The RF signal transmission device can achieve good characteristic impedance matching whilst enhancing the capacity to withstand surge current. In addition, the RF signal transmission device can improve PIM performance. The present disclosure also includes a phase shifter for a base station antenna and a base station antenna.

Provided is a phase transformation method performed by a phase shifter including a support frame, a plurality of phase transformation units on the support frame, an operation unit connected to the plurality of phase transformation units to synchronize phases, which are to be transformed through the plurality of phase transformation units, with each other, and a driving unit configured to operate the operation unit, wherein each of the plurality of phase transformation units includes a first circuit pattern, and a second circuit pattern connected to the first circuit pattern while a region of the second circuit pattern overlaps the first circuit pattern, and a length of the region of the second circuit pattern overlapping the first circuit pattern changes when the operation unit is operated.

The invention relates to a manual actuating device for a phase shifter of a base station antenna. The device includes a support module having an elongated base body and a first and a second receiving portion which protrude from the base body and are spaced apart in a longitudinal direction of the base body; and a lead screw drive having a lead screw and a nut. The lead screw is rotatably supported in the first and the second receiving portion, and the nut is translationally movably installed on the lead screw. The device also includes an actuator rod connected to the nut and configured to actuate the phase shifter; and a manual operating part connected with the lead screw and configured to manually operate the lead screw to rotate the lead screw. The actuating device is simple and compact in structure and is easy to manufacture and install.