Provided is a two-dimensional phased array antenna having a simple configuration capable of reducing the number of control systems and the number of control input ports for phase control of antenna elements. The phased array antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, a plurality of frequency mixers for respectively supplying transmission signals with a predetermined transmission frequency (f) to the plurality of antenna elements, and means for generating a plurality of first mixing signals having a predetermined first phase difference (Δφ.sub.1) between the antenna elements adjacent to each other in the first direction and a plurality of second mixing signals having a predetermined second phase difference (Δφ.sub.2) between the antenna elements adjacent to each other in the second direction, based on three frequency-controllable input signals with respective frequencies different from each other, and supplying the plurality of first mixing signals and the plurality of second mixing signals to the plurality of frequency mixers.

Provided is a two-dimensional phased array antenna having a simple configuration capable of reducing the number of control systems and the number of control input ports for phase control of antenna elements. The phased array antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, a plurality of frequency mixers for respectively supplying transmission signals with a predetermined transmission frequency (f) to the plurality of antenna elements, and means for generating a plurality of first mixing signals having a predetermined first phase difference (Δφ.sub.1) between the antenna elements adjacent to each other in the first direction and a plurality of second mixing signals having a predetermined second phase difference (Δφ.sub.2) between the antenna elements adjacent to each other in the second direction, based on three frequency-controllable input signals with respective frequencies different from each other, and supplying the plurality of first mixing signals and the plurality of second mixing signals to the plurality of frequency mixers.

In an embodiment, an apparatus includes an integrated circuit (IC) chip configured to receive a timing signal and a reference clock signal. The IC chips is configured to a reference time signal based on the timing signal and the reference clock signal. The IC chip includes a phase lock loop (PLL). The PLL is synchronized based on the reference time signal.

In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a transmit section including a first baseband section and a first radio frequency (RF) section, wherein the transmit section is configured to receive a calibration signal, the first RF section is configured to generate a RF calibration signal based on modulating the calibration signal. The calibration signal comprises an orthogonal code based signal; and a receive section configured to receive the RF calibration signal over-the-air, the receive section includes a second RF section and a calibration section, the second RF section is configured to generate a received calibration signal based on the RF calibration signal, the received calibration signal and a reference signal associated with the RF calibration signal comprise inputs to the calibration section and the calibration section is configured to determine one or more of gain, baseband delay, or RF delay compensation values, based on the inputs, to calibrate the transmit section.

In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a transmit section including a first baseband section and a first radio frequency (RF) section, wherein the transmit section is configured to receive a calibration signal, the first RF section is configured to generate a RF calibration signal based on modulating the calibration signal. The calibration signal comprises an orthogonal code based signal; and a receive section configured to receive the RF calibration signal over-the-air, the receive section includes a second RF section and a calibration section, the second RF section is configured to generate a received calibration signal based on the RF calibration signal, the received calibration signal and a reference signal associated with the RF calibration signal comprise inputs to the calibration section and the calibration section is configured to determine one or more of gain, baseband delay, or RF delay compensation values, based on the inputs, to calibrate the transmit section.

In an embodiment, a communications system includes a first transmitter including a digital beamforming baseband section configured to receive an input signal to be transmitted, the input signal at a baseband frequency, and a modulation section electrically coupled to the digital beamforming baseband section and a first antenna of a phased array antenna. The modulation section is configured to receive a local oscillator signal at a first local oscillator frequency and apply a baseband frequency shift to the input signal to generate a baseband frequency shifted input signal. The modulation section generates a modulated signal based on the input signal. The communication system includes a second transmitter included in a second IC chip of the plurality of IC chips electrically coupled to a second antenna and configured to provide a second modulated signal at the carrier frequency and a second LO leakage signal at a second local oscillator frequency.

In an embodiment, a communications system includes a first transmitter including a digital beamforming baseband section configured to receive an input signal to be transmitted, the input signal at a baseband frequency, and a modulation section electrically coupled to the digital beamforming baseband section and a first antenna of a phased array antenna. The modulation section is configured to receive a local oscillator signal at a first local oscillator frequency and apply a baseband frequency shift to the input signal to generate a baseband frequency shifted input signal. The modulation section generates a modulated signal based on the input signal. The communication system includes a second transmitter included in a second IC chip of the plurality of IC chips electrically coupled to a second antenna and configured to provide a second modulated signal at the carrier frequency and a second LO leakage signal at a second local oscillator frequency.

In an antenna module on one printed circuit board, a first area where a plurality of antenna elements are positioned on a first surface, and a second area where a plurality of front end integrated circuits are independently positioned on a second surface, the opposite surface of the first surface, are provided, and a wire is provided in the second area to electrically couple some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a first front end integrated circuit to some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a second front end integrated circuit. The some ports provided in the first front end integrated circuit include a first port configured to output a first intermediate frequency signal, and a second port configured to input a second intermediate frequency signal.

A transmit-array collimating assembly, this collimating assembly being able to convert a first electromagnetic wave radiated from a first focal point and in a first frequency band, into a plane electromagnetic wave of same frequency radiated in a preset first direction, and to convert a second electromagnetic wave radiated from a second focal point and in a second frequency band, into a plane electromagnetic wave of same frequency radiated in the same preset first direction, first and second primary radiating elements solely connected to first and second output ports of a transmitting module, respectively. The first and second primary radiating elements are positioned so as to radiate the first and second electromagnetic waves from the first and second focal points, respectively.

A transmit-array collimating assembly, this collimating assembly being able to convert a first electromagnetic wave radiated from a first focal point and in a first frequency band, into a plane electromagnetic wave of same frequency radiated in a preset first direction, and to convert a second electromagnetic wave radiated from a second focal point and in a second frequency band, into a plane electromagnetic wave of same frequency radiated in the same preset first direction, first and second primary radiating elements solely connected to first and second output ports of a transmitting module, respectively. The first and second primary radiating elements are positioned so as to radiate the first and second electromagnetic waves from the first and second focal points, respectively.