A halide material having general formula ArMAX is disclosed. The halide material can be processed to an optoelectronic film with a halogenated formamidine and a lead halide, and the optoelectronic film can be applied in the manufacture of an optoelectronic device like a perovskite laser or a PeLED. Experimental data have proved that, the fabricated optoelectronic film shows a property of photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelength adjustable. Moreover, the PL peak wavelength moves from 482 nm to 534 nm with the increase of the content of lead (Pb), halogen (X) and formamidine (FA) in the optoelectronic film. Furthermore, experimental data have also indicated that, the fabricated optoelectronic film can be used as a blue emissive layer, a red emissive layer or a green emissive layer, thereby having a significant potential for application in optoelectronics industry.

A halide material having general formula ArMAX is disclosed. The halide material can be processed to an optoelectronic film with a halogenated formamidine and a lead halide, and the optoelectronic film can be applied in the manufacture of an optoelectronic device like a perovskite laser or a PeLED. Experimental data have proved that, the fabricated optoelectronic film shows a property of photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelength adjustable. Moreover, the PL peak wavelength moves from 482 nm to 534 nm with the increase of the content of lead (Pb), halogen (X) and formamidine (FA) in the optoelectronic film Furthermore, experimental data have also indicated that, the fabricated optoelectronic film can be used as a blue emissive layer, a red emissive layer or a green emissive layer, thereby having a significant potential for application in optoelectronics industry.

Disclosed is a laser system that includes a femtosecond oscillator, a regenerative amplifier for chirped pulse amplification of femtosecond laser pulses, and a compressor. The regenerative amplifier includes a plurality of positive Group Delay Dispersion (GDD) mirrors disposed within a cavity of the regenerative amplifier. The compressor receives amplified laser pulses from the regenerative amplifier.

The present application is directed to various architectures of a laser oscillator which include an optical element, reflective, refractive, or diffractive injection device for injection seeding and/or locking a laser oscillator.

Disclosed is a laser system that incudes a chirped fiber oscillator, a laser amplifier, and a compressor. The laser amplifier includes a laser Faraday isolator. The fiber oscillator output is directly coupled to the laser Faraday isolator.

Disclosed is a laser system that includes a femtosecond oscillator, a regenerative amplifier for chirped pulse amplification of femtosecond laser pulses, and a compressor. The regenerative amplifier includes a plurality of positive Group Delay Dispersion (GDD) mirrors disposed within a cavity of the regenerative amplifier. The compressor receives amplified laser pulses from the regenerative amplifier.

A crystalline Raman laser source is configured with a crystal Raman medium zigzagged by a pump light at a fundamental frequency of between input and output of the Raman medium such that the pump light sequentially converts to Stokes wave frequencies .sub.1-n, the Raman medium having spaced opposite sides bridging the input and output. The Raman medium is provided with a wavelength discriminator coupled to the opposite sides of the Raman medium and configured to guide a desired Stokes frequency to the exit of the Raman medium while being transparent to Stokes wave frequency which is lower than the desired frequency.

An adaptive laser system for ophthalmic use is provided. In another aspect, a relatively inexpensive laser is employed. In another aspect of the present system, non-linear optical imaging uses multiphoton fluorescences and/or second harmonic generation, to create three-dimensional mapping of a portion of the eye in combination with automated feedback to assist with a surgical operation. In a further aspect of the present system, the patient interface uses laser induced markings or indicia to aid in focusing and/or calibration. Still another aspect employs temporal focusing of the laser beam pulse.

A hybrid resonator and amplifier combination for generating a high energy output signal. The combination comprises a beam splitter for splitting a pump laser beam into first and second portions. The second portion beam being conveyed to a resonator which operates in a single transverse mode to generating a signal wavelength beam. An output coupler of the resonator allows a first portion of the signal wavelength beam to pass therethrough while retaining a second portion of the signal wavelength beam within the resonator. A system dichroic mirror receives and directs both the first portion and the signal wavelength beam toward an amplifier. The amplifier receives both the first portion and the signal wavelength beam. The first portion, upon passing through the amplifier, creates gain which is used by the amplifier to amplify the signal wavelength beam generate the high energy output signal.

A hybrid resonator and amplifier combination for generating a high energy output signal. The combination comprises a beam splitter for splitting a pump laser beam into first and second portions. The second portion beam being conveyed to a resonator which operates in a single transverse mode to generating a signal wavelength beam. An output coupler of the resonator allows a first portion of the signal wavelength beam to pass therethrough while retaining a second portion of the signal wavelength beam within the resonator. A system dichroic mirror receives and directs both the first portion and the signal wavelength beam toward an amplifier. The amplifier receives both the first portion and the signal wavelength beam. The first portion, upon passing through the amplifier, creates gain which is used by the amplifier to amplify the signal wavelength beam generate the high energy output signal.