A tube preparation step of preparing a resin tube that has a tube wall impregnable with a solution including a fine substance and is made of a light-transmitting resin material, a solution preparation step of preparing a solution that includes a fine fluorescent substance that emits fluorescence or a fine scattering substance that scatters light as an oscillation material and an impregnation step of causing the resin tube to be immersed in the solution and causing the tube wall of the resin tube to be impregnated with the oscillation material, are included.

A security or identification device comprises a membrane laser structure configured to be optically pumped. The membrane laser structure comprises a flexible emission layer comprising a gain material; and one or more structures formed in or associated with the flexible emission layer and configured to provide optical feedback in the emission layer to produce a laser light output having at least one property representing an identifier.

A compound represented by the formula (1) has excellent lasing properties. G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are H or substituent; FL.sup.1 and FL.sup.2 are represented by the formula (2); BT is represented by the formula (4); and n1, n2 and m are 1 to 5.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are a device and a method for the design and fabrication of the device for enhancing the brightness of luminescent molecules, nanostructures, and thin films. The device includes a mirror, a dielectric medium or spacer, an absorptive layer, and a luminescent layer. The absorptive layer is a continuous thin film of a strongly absorbing organic or inorganic material. The luminescent layer may be a continuous luminescent thin film or an arrangement of isolated luminescent species, e.g., organic or metal-organic dye molecules, semiconductor quantum dots, or other semiconductor nanostructures, supported on top of the absorptive layer.

The invention relates to a surface refractive index scanning system for characterization of a sample. The system comprises a grating device for holding or receiving the sample, the device comprising at least a first grating region having a first grating width along a transverse direction, and a second grating region having a second grating width in the transverse direction. The first grating region and the second grating region are adjacent in the transverse direction, wherein the first grating region has a grating period Λ.sub.1 in a longitudinal direction, and the second grating region has a grating period Λ.sub.2 in the longitudinal direction, where the longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the transverse direction. A grating period spacing ΔΛ=Λ.sub.1-Λ.sub.2 is finite. Further, the first and second grating periods are chosen to provide optical resonances for light respectively in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength band, light is being emitted, transmitted, or reflected in an out-of-plane direction, wherein the first wavelength band and the second wavelength band are at least partially non-overlapping in wavelength. The system further comprises a light source for illuminating at least a part of the grating device with light at an illumination wavelength band. Additionally, the system comprises an imaging system for imaging the emitted, transmitted or reflected light from the grating device. The imaging system comprises an optical element, such as a cylindrical lens or a bended mirror, configured for focusing light in a transverse direction and for being invariant in an orthogonal transverse direction, the optical element being oriented such that the longitudinal direction of the grating device is oriented to coincide with the invariant direction of the optical element, and an imaging spectrometer comprising an entrance slit having a longitudinal direction oriented to coincide with the invariant direction of the optical element. The imaging spectrometer further comprises a 2-dimensional image sensor. The invention further relates to a method.

A method for producing an organic microdisk structure 40, which is characterized by comprising: a cladding layer formation step 1 wherein a cladding layer 12 is formed by printing a first ink 11 that contains a fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymer on a substrate 10 by an inkjet method; a core layer formation step 2 wherein a core layer 22 is formed by printing a second ink 21 that contains a laser dye and a triazine-based hyperbranched polymer containing no fluorine on the cladding layer 12 by an inkjet method; and an etching step 3 wherein the cladding layer 12 is etched using a solvent 31 that dissolves only the fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymer. Consequently, an unconventional novel method for producing an organic microdisk structure with use of an inkjet method is able to be provided.

A printing head module, system and method for printing laser light sources. The printing head module comprises one or more printing heads used for printing a plurality of laser light sources on a substrate successively or once for all; ink used for printing comprises a luminescent dye and a host material, as well as a solvent. The system comprises a printing head module and an ink cartridge; the printing head module is used for inkjet printing the laser light sources on the substrate; the ink cartridge is used for storing ink. By means of the technical solution, industrial manufacturing of the laser light sources is achieved, and speckles caused by laser coherence are eliminated.

Ink for producing laser light sources. The ink is used for inkjet printing to produce laser light sources of a certain scale. The ink comprises a luminescent dye, a host material, and a solvent. The use of the ink makes it possible to produce laser light sources through inkjet printing. This provides a novel technical solution for cheap and industrial manufacturing of laser light sources and other related products through inkjet printing.

A tube preparation step of preparing a resin tube that has a tube wall impregnable with a solution including a fine substance and is made of a light-transmitting resin material, a solution preparation step of preparing a solution that includes a fine fluorescent substance that emits fluorescence or a fine scattering substance that scatters light as an oscillation material and an impregnation step of causing the resin tube to be immersed in the solution and causing the tube wall of the resin tube to be impregnated with the oscillation material, are included.

Disclosed is a laser device containing a. compound represented by the following formula in a light-emitting layer, R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 each represent a substituent having a positive Hammett's σ.sub.p value, and R.sup.2 to R.sup.4, and R.sup.6 to R.sup.15 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

##STR00001##