An assembly (10) for generating a laser beam (12) includes a beam steering assembly (18); a laser assembly (16) that is tunable over a tunable range; and a controller (20). The laser assembly (16) generates a laser beam (12) that is directed at the beam steering assembly (18). The controller (20) dynamically controls the beam steering assembly (18) to dynamically steer the laser beam (12) as the laser assembly (16) is tuned over at least a portion of the tunable range. As a result thereof, the laser beam (12) is actively steered along a desired beam path (12A) while the wavelength of the laser beam (12) is varied.

Metasurface elements, integrated systems incorporating such metasurface elements with light sources and/or detectors, and methods of the manufacture and operation of such optical arrangements and integrated systems are provided. Systems and methods for integrating transmissive metasurfaces with other semiconductor devices or additional metasurface elements, and more particularly to the integration of such metasurfaces with substrates, illumination sources and sensors are also provided. The metasurface elements provided may be used to shape output light from an illumination source or collect light reflected from a scene to form two unique patterns using the polarization of light. In such embodiments, shaped-emission and collection may be combined into a single co-designed probing and sensing optical system.

A photonic synthesizer includes a multifrequency optical source to produce a signal of interest from a pair of lasers, which may be self-injection locked chip lasers. The signal is referenced to a high frequency clock using a photonic mixer/divider based on an electro-optical modulator and a relatively slow photodiode. The electro-optical modulator produces optical harmonics from the beams from the pair of lasers, where one harmonic from the first laser beam and one harmonic from the second laser beam beat on the photodiode. A phase locked control signal is generated for controlling the output frequency of one or both of the two lasers. The output signal of the photonic synthesizer is generated using a relatively fast photodiode based on a difference in frequencies of the pair of lasers. The output signal may be a millimeter wave-band signal. The photonic synthesizer can be formed as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

A method and device for emitting electromagnetic radiation at high power using nonpolar or semipolar gallium containing substrates such as GaN, AlN, InN, InGaN, AlGaN, and AlInGaN, is provided. In various embodiments, the laser device includes plural laser emitters emitting green or blue laser light, integrated a substrate.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include optical transmitters and transceivers with improved reliability. In some embodiments, the optical transmitters are used in network devices, such as in conjunction with a network switch. In one embodiment, lasers are operated at low power to improve reliability and power consumption. The output of the laser may be modulated by a non-direct modulator and received by integrated optical components, such as a modulator and/or multiplexer. The output of the optical components may be amplified by a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Various advantageous configurations of lasers, optical components, and SOAs are disclosed. In some embodiments, SOAs are configured as part of a pluggable optical communication module, for example.

An optical device for a quantum random number generator comprising: a source of phase randomised pulses of light, the source of phase randomised pulses of light further comprising a plurality of gain-switched lasers, each gain-switched laser having an output, and each gain-switched laser being configured to emit a stream of pulses such that the phase of each pulse in the stream of pulses is randomised, and an optical pulse combiner, the optical pulse combiner being configured to receive streams of pulses from the output of each gain-switched laser, combine the streams of pulses with one another into a combined stream of pulses and direct the combined stream of pulses into at least one output of the optical pulse combiner, the at least one output of the optical pulse combiner being the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light; wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light is configured such that the streams of pulses of light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched lasers are temporally offset relative to one another, a phase measurement element, the phase measurement element being configured to receive the combined stream of pulses from the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light; and an optical detector, the optical detector being optically coupled to the phase measurement element.

Systems and methods for a tunable RF synthesizer based on offset optical frequency combs is provided herein. An exemplary system includes two lasers, a first laser generating a first laser output and a second laser generating a second laser output; and a coupler that receives the first and second laser outputs. Further, the system includes a resonator having first and second sections coupled to one another, the coupler coupling the first and second laser outputs into the resonator; a splitter that couples the first section to the second section, the splitter splitting a first proportion of the first laser output and a second proportion of the second laser output onto different paths within the resonator; and a controller that controls the splitter to change a size of the first proportion in relation to the first laser and the second proportion in relation to the second laser.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include optical transmitters and transceivers with improved reliability. In some embodiments, the optical transmitters are used in network devices, such as in conjunction with a network switch. In one embodiment, lasers are operated at low power to improve reliability and power consumption. The output of the laser may be modulated by a non-direct modulator and received by integrated optical components, such as a modulator and/or multiplexer. The output of the optical components may be amplified by a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Various advantageous configurations of lasers, optical components, and SOAs are disclosed. In some embodiments, SOAs are configured as part of a pluggable optical communication module, for example.

Laser Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) control is provided via a logic controller configured to measure an SMSR of a carrier wave upstream of a modulator and measure an Average Optical Power (AOP) of the carrier wave downstream of the modulator; transmit a bias voltage based on the SMSR and the AOP to a laser driver for a laser generating the carrier wave; and transmit an attenuation level based on the SMSR and the AOP to a Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA) upstream of the modulator. In various embodiments the attenuation level and bias voltage can rise or fall together, or one may rise and one may fall to ensure the output optical signal meets specified SMSR and AOP values.

A lead pin (2a,2b) penetrates a metal stem (1). A support block (3) is mounted on the metal stem (1). A dielectric substrate (4) is mounted on a side surface of the support block (3). A signal line (5a,5b) is formed on the dielectric substrate (4). One end of the signal line (5a,5b) is connected to the lead pin (2a,2b). A semiconductor optical modulation device (6) is mounted on the dielectric substrate (4). A conductive wire (8a,8b) connects the other end of the signal line (5a,5b) and the semiconductor optical modulation device (6). The semiconductor optical modulation device (6) includes a plurality of optical modulators (6b,6c) separated from each other.