An external power supply system for an aircraft includes a power receptacle configured to connect to an external power source to provide external power, a power switch operative to switch between a battery power source and the external power source, and a voltage check system configured to prevent at least one of under-voltage or over-voltage of an aircraft electrical system. The voltage check system includes a voltage relay sensor configured to determine if the external power is within a suitable voltage range and a check switch operatively connected to the voltage relay sensor, wherein if the external power is within a suitable voltage range, the voltage relay sensor activates the check switch to allow external power to the aircraft electrical system, and wherein if the external power is outside the suitable voltage range, then the voltage relay sensor does not allow power to the aircraft electrical system.

A method for dynamic limiting of battery voltage includes determining that a voltage delivered by a battery exceeds a predefined maximum safe voltage for operation of a portable electronic device in a hazardous environment and, in response, enabling a voltage restriction circuit in a supply line between the battery and the portable electronic device to reduce the voltage delivered by the battery below the maximum safe voltage, and supplying electrical power to the portable electronic device at the reduced voltage. Enabling the voltage restriction circuit may include deactivating a MOSFET switch that includes a forward biased body diode to allow the body diode to provide a fixed voltage drop. The method also includes determining that the voltage delivered by the battery no longer exceeds the maximum safe voltage and, in response, disabling the first voltage restriction circuit by activating the MOSFET, thus allowing the body diode to be bypassed.

The invention relates to a restart protection device (1) for a battery-powered electric hand tool (2), comprising—a control capacitor (C.sub.CTRL) having a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode can be connected to an earth connection (10) of the electric hand tool (2) and the anode can be connected via a battery pack interface (4) of the electric hand tool (2) to a connector wire (6) of a battery pack (3) of the electric hand tool (2); —a controllable discharge circuit (14) designed for discharging the control capacitor (C.sub.CTRL), wherein a control input of the discharge circuit (14) can be connected via the battery pack interface (4) to a signal line (9) of the battery pack (3); —a measuring device (15) designed to determine a charge state of the control capacitor (C.sub.CTRL); and—a control device (13) connected to the measuring device (15), which control device is configured to inhibit start-up of the electric hand tool (2) if the charge state of the control capacitor (C.sub.CTRL) determined by means of the measuring device (15) is below a specified threshold value and an operating switch (12) on the electric hand tool (2) is pressed at the same time.

A processor starts output of a drive signal prior to output of a control signal. The processor determines a fault related to the drive signal based on a detection signal outputted from a detection circuit. In a case where a fault related to the drive signal is not detected, the processor starts output of the control signal. In a case where a fault related to the drive signal is detected, the processor stops output of the drive signal.

The present disclosure provides a method for controlling a surgical instrument. The method includes connecting a power assembly to a control circuit, wherein the power assembly is configured to provide a source voltage, energizing, by the power assembly, a voltage boost convertor circuit configured to provide a set voltage greater than the source voltage, and energizing, by the voltage boost convertor, one or more voltage convertors configured to provide one or more operating voltages to one or more circuit components.

The present disclosure provides a method for controlling a surgical instrument. The method includes connecting a power assembly to a control circuit, wherein the power assembly is configured to provide a source voltage, energizing, by the power assembly, a voltage boost convertor circuit configured to provide a set voltage greater than the source voltage, and energizing, by the voltage boost convertor, one or more voltage convertors configured to provide one or more operating voltages to one or more circuit components.

A voltage detector has a diode ladder with one or more diodes connected in series between a battery voltage input and an upper measuring node. A measuring diode is connected between the upper measuring node and a lower measuring node. A resistor and a power-down switch are connected in series between the lower measuring node and a ground. An analog input to an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is connected by a switch to the upper measuring node to generate an upper digital value. Then the switch connects the analog input to the lower measuring node to generate a lower digital value. The difference between the upper and lower digital values is the diode voltage drop across the measuring diode and is multiplied by a number of diodes in the diode ladder and added to the upper digital value to generate a battery voltage measurement.

A method is described for operating an electrical system, in particular, of a motor vehicle, which includes at least one electrical consumer, at least one energy source for electrical energy, and at least one control unit, the consumer being test activated by the control unit for the purpose of initializing a start of the system and a voltage level of an electrical voltage in the system being monitored and compared to a predefinable minimum value, and the activation being interrupted if the voltage level falls below the minimum value, and the consumer being subsequently test reactivated. It is provided that the number of the interruptions is counted and the consumer is deactivated at least for a predefinable period of time upon reaching a predefinable maximum number.

The present disclosure provides a method for controlling a surgical instrument. The method includes connecting a power assembly to a control circuit, wherein the power assembly is configured to provide a source voltage, energizing, by the power assembly, a voltage boost convertor circuit configured to provide a set voltage greater than the source voltage, and energizing, by the voltage boost convertor, one or more voltage convertors configured to provide one or more operating voltages to one or more circuit components.

A method for electrostatic discharge protection in a receiver and associated receiver are provided. The receiver includes a reference voltage terminal, a detection terminal, at least one set of receiving terminals and at least one set of termination resistors. The method includes: according to a voltage level of the detection terminal, generating a detection result; and according to the detection result, controlling whether to configure said at least one set of termination resistors to be respectively coupled between said at least one set of receiving terminals and the reference voltage terminal.