An electrical network includes feed-in means, loads, and a distribution network located therebetween which includes at least one dynamic isolator and busbars. The feed-in means and the loads together with associated busbars are disposed in groups which can be electrically interconnected or disconnected by the at least one dynamic isolator. The at least one dynamic isolator monitors the voltage on the busbars adjacent thereto for a voltage difference. In a normal state without a voltage difference, the at least one dynamic isolator electrically disconnects the groups from one another, and in the event of a voltage difference between the busbars adjacent thereto, the at least one dynamic isolator electrically connects the groups to one another.

An electrical network includes feed-in means, loads, and a distribution network located therebetween which includes at least one dynamic isolator and busbars. The feed-in means and the loads together with associated busbars are disposed in groups which can be electrically interconnected or disconnected by the at least one dynamic isolator. The at least one dynamic isolator monitors the voltage on the busbars adjacent thereto for a voltage difference. In a normal state without a voltage difference, the at least one dynamic isolator electrically disconnects the groups from one another, and in the event of a voltage difference between the busbars adjacent thereto, the at least one dynamic isolator electrically connects the groups to one another.

A disconnecting device for a power supply network of a motor vehicle is provided. The power supply network has a first sub-network and a second sub-network. The disconnecting device includes a switching element for switchably coupling the first sub-network to the second sub-network. The disconnecting device also includes a control unit, which is configured to control at least one state variable of the power supply network by actuating the switching element.

A disconnecting device for a power supply network of a motor vehicle is provided. The power supply network has a first sub-network and a second sub-network. The disconnecting device includes a switching element for switchably coupling the first sub-network to the second sub-network. The disconnecting device also includes a control unit, which is configured to control at least one state variable of the power supply network by actuating the switching element.

Methods and apparatus for detecting possible living body contact at an electrical contact surface is disclosed, comprising sending a non-hazardous probing signal to the contact surface, detecting an electrical response from the contact surface in response to the electrical probing signal, and determining whether a captured responsive signal has characteristics of an expected responsive pulse, and to output a positive output signal indicative of possible living body to mitigate risks of electrical shock.

Methods and apparatus for detecting possible living body contact at an electrical contact surface is disclosed, comprising sending a non-hazardous probing signal to the contact surface, detecting an electrical response from the contact surface in response to the electrical probing signal, and determining whether a captured responsive signal has characteristics of an expected responsive pulse, and to output a positive output signal indicative of possible living body to mitigate risks of electrical shock.

A protection relay connection assembly (10) for connecting a current transformer (14) and/or a voltage transformer (16) of an electrical network (12) to a protection relay (18) is provided. The protection relay connection assembly (10) includes a protection relay data acquisition board (20) and a protection relay connector (22). The protection relay data acquisition board (20) includes a first current mating member (24) connectable to a current measurement sensor (28), the current measurement sensor (28) being connectable in use to the protection relay (18) and/or a first voltage mating member (26) connectable to a voltage measurement sensor (30), the voltage measurement sensor (30) being connectable in use to the protection relay (18). The protection relay connector (22) includes a second current mating member (36) connectable to the current transformer (14) and/or a second voltage mating member (38) connectable to the voltage transformer (16). The first current mating member (24) and the second current mating member (36) are selectively mateable with one another to permit a measured current waveform of the electrical network (12) to be transmitted from the current transformer (14) to the protection relay (18). The first voltage mating member (26) and the second voltage mating member (38) are shaped to be selectively mateable with one another to permit a measured voltage waveform of the electrical network (12) to be transmitted from the voltage transformer (16) to the protection relay (18). Wherein the first current mating member (24) is shaped to prevent mating of the first current mating member (24) with the second voltage mating member (38), and the first voltage mating member (26) is shaped to prevent mating of the first voltage mating member (26) with the second current mating member (36).

The present disclosure provides a protection assistance device of multiple circuit breakers in a low-voltage system, in which protection assistance in both directions from the upper side to the lower side or from the lower side to the upper side is possible, and the number of wires for protection assistance between multiple upper/lower circuit breakers can be minimized. The protection assistance device includes at least one upper low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one middle low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one lower low-voltage circuit breaker; and a communication line which makes a communication connection between the low-voltage circuit breakers, wherein the low-voltage circuit breakers comprise a control unit for, when a trip operation of automatically breaking a circuit is performed, transmitting a communication packet for reporting a trip operation state to at least one predetermined circuit breaker among the circuit breakers through the communication line.

The present disclosure provides a protection assistance device of multiple circuit breakers in a low-voltage system, in which protection assistance in both directions from the upper side to the lower side or from the lower side to the upper side is possible, and the number of wires for protection assistance between multiple upper/lower circuit breakers can be minimized. The protection assistance device includes at least one upper low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one middle low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one lower low-voltage circuit breaker; and a communication line which makes a communication connection between the low-voltage circuit breakers, wherein the low-voltage circuit breakers comprise a control unit for, when a trip operation of automatically breaking a circuit is performed, transmitting a communication packet for reporting a trip operation state to at least one predetermined circuit breaker among the circuit breakers through the communication line.

The present disclosure provides a protection assistance device of multiple circuit breakers in a low-voltage system, in which protection assistance in both directions from the upper side to the lower side or from the lower side to the upper side is possible, and the number of wires for protection assistance between multiple upper/lower circuit breakers can be minimized. The protection assistance device includes at least one upper low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one middle low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one lower low-voltage circuit breaker; and a communication line which makes a communication connection between the low-voltage circuit breakers, wherein the low-voltage circuit breakers comprise a control unit for, when a trip operation of automatically breaking a circuit is performed, transmitting a communication packet for reporting a trip operation state to at least one predetermined circuit breaker among the circuit breakers through the communication line.