Disclosed herein are systems and methods for sliding mode control enabled hybrid energy storage. In a specific embodiment, the system can include: a photovoltaic power generation unit; a hybrid energy storage system, where the hybrid storage system can include a battery, a supercapacitor, where the supercapacitor provides excess power demand based on different loading conditions, and a rate limiter; a sliding mode controller, where the slide mode controller controls a current in a hybrid energy storage system; a supercapacitor charging control; and a proportional integral controller. In a specific embodiment, the method can include: decoupling an average and transient hybrid energy storage system current with a single rate limiter, where the decoupling includes a battery discharge rate; regulating a battery current with a first sliding mode controller; and regulating a supercapacitor current with a second sliding mode controller, where a supercapacitor provides excess power demand.

Disclosed herein is a method and system for sharing power or energy across various power supply and control modules. More specifically, disclosed herein are systems and methods for distributing energy. As explained herein, the method discloses receiving, at a microgrid, data from a plurality of data sources. The data is then analyzed to forecast power needs associated with the microgrid. Using the data, the microgrid may determine whether and when to share power with the requesting module.

Techniques for managing an off-grid power system include executing update requests for an off-grid power system that is communicably coupled to an energy management system by determining an amount of stored energy in energy storage devices in response to at least one update request, determining an amount of electrical power generatable by renewable energy power systems in response to another update request, determining a predicted reliability of at least a portion of the energy storage devices and the renewable energy power systems in response to another update request, and determining an amount of electrical power for a remote facility that is electrically coupled to the off-grid power system in response to another update request. The techniques further include determining a control command for the off-grid power system based on the responses to the update requests; and providing the control command to the off-grid power system to adjust an operation of at least one of the energy storage devices or the renewable energy power systems.

Methods for implementing power delivery transactions between a buyer and a seller of electrical energy supplied to an electrical grid by an integrated renewable energy source (RES) and energy storage system (ESS) of a RES-ESS facility are provided. Estimated total potential output of the RES is compared to a point of grid interconnect (POGI) limit to identify potential RES overgeneration, and the buyer is charged if potential RES overgeneration is less than potential overgeneration during one or more retrospective time windows. The method provides a basis for the RES-ESS facility owner to be paid for an estimated amount of energy that did not get stored as a result of a grid operator not fully discharging an ESS prior to the start of a new day.

An energy harvesting device (CTH) installed in an electrical distribution system (EDS) for powering ancillary electrical devices (AD) used in the distribution system. The device includes a first voltage regulator circuit (CC) configured to produce a voltage matched to a power curve of a current transformer (CT) to which the device is electrically coupled. The device also includes a second and separate voltage regulator circuit (SVR) which continuously operates to maximize the amount of electrical energy recovered from the current transformer.

A method and controller for controlling electrical activation of elements in a system. A method includes identifying (710) a first element (102) of a system (100) by a control system (600), among a plurality of elements (102, 110, 122) of the system (100), that is to be powered. The method includes determining (712) connected elements (110, 122) of the system (100) by the control system (600). The connected elements (110, 122) are connected to deliver power to the first element (102) directly or indirectly, based on an adjacency matrix (400), and the adjacency matrix (400) identifies connections between each of plurality of elements of the system (100). The method includes identifying (714) at least one of the connected elements (110, 122) to activate by the control system (600), based on the adjacency matrix (400), a health table (500), and the connected elements (110, 122), to deliver power to the first element (102). The method includes activating (716) the at least one of the connected elements (110, 122) by the control system (600), thereby delivering power to the first element (102).

Embodiments concern a plant for melting and/or heating metal material and a corresponding method to supply electrical energy. The plant comprises at least one induction furnace (11) and means (12) for supplying electrical energy to the induction furnace 11), wherein the electric power supply means (12) comprise at least one transformer (13) connected to an alternating current mains power network (14), at least one rectifier (15) located downstream of the transformer (13), at least one converter (16) located downstream of the rectifier device (15), and at least one coil (17) for melting and/or heating metal material.

A dual-battery charging and discharging method is described to be used for a dual-screen terminal. The method includes: obtaining a state identifier of the first display screen and a state identifier of the second display screen; determining whether the dual-screen terminal is in a charging state; in response to determining that the dual-screen terminal is in a charging state, controlling the first battery and the second battery to be charged according to the state identifier of the first display screen and the state identifier of the second display screen; and in response to determining that the dual-screen terminal is not in a charging state, controlling whether the first battery and the second battery supply power to the dual-screen terminal according to the state identifier of the first display screen and the state identifier of the second display screen.

A multi-port converter includes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that provides a faster dynamic response to load changes than prior art systems, and enables either downsizing of the main energy storage system (ESS) to increase the life of the main ESS (e.g. energy battery), or retaining the same size ESS and increasing the range or life of the power source. The multi-port convertor can advantageously result in lower investment and maintenance costs, and can also advantageously provide a path for inputs to directly feed the load. All these benefits can be achieved while reducing the number of active switches and overall component count as compared to prior art systems.

The application relates to an electric converter for converting AC or DC input into an electric AC or DC output. A swap circuit with controllable electric switches serves to selectively swap connection of a plurality of DC power banks (DCBs) between an input terminal and an output terminal, thus selectively connecting the DCBs to an electric source or an electric load. The DCBs are formed as series of interconnected submodules (SMs) each having electric energy storage elements (ESEs) and a switching circuit for selectively by-passing or connecting the ESEs. By properly controlling the swap circuit and the switching of the SMs, the converter can be used for DC-AC, DC-DC, AC-DC, or AC-AC conversion, allowing multilevel output.