A direct current (DC) electric motor assembly with a closed type overlap stator winding which is commutated with a timed commutating sequence that is capable of generating a stator rotating magnetic field. The coil overlap of the winding and a timed commutation sequence are such that the current in each slot of the stator is additive and when a previous magnetic pole collapses according to a commutation sequence; the energy released by that previous collapsing magnetic field is captured to strengthen the next magnetic field on the commutation sequence schedule. Electrical currents produced by the collapsing magnetic fields flow to low electric potential and add or subtract to the DC current provided by the commutator thus promoting formation of the next magnetic on commutation schedule. When used with a suitable commutator and rotor, the electric motor assembly provides a true brushless high torque speed controlled Real Direct Current (RDC) motor that operates with higher efficiency and higher power density.

A brush-commutated direct-current motor comprises a stator which includes a plurality of exciter poles, a rotor rotatable relative to the stator about an axis of rotation, a plurality of pole teeth arranged on the rotor, and grooves arranged between the pole teeth, wherein the pole teeth are separated from each other by the grooves along a circumferential direction around the axis of rotation. On the pole teeth coil windings are arranged. A commutator is arranged on the rotor and includes a plurality of lamellae, wherein each coil winding is connected with one of the lamellae via a first connecting arm and is connected with another one of the lamellae via a second connecting arm.

A brush-commutated direct-current motor comprises a stator with a plurality of exciter poles, a rotor with a plurality of pole teeth, which is rotatable relative to the stator about an axis of rotation, grooves arranged between the pole teeth, and coil windings arranged on the pole teeth and a commutator which is arranged on the rotor and a plurality of lamellae to which the coil windings are connected. For manufacturing such direct-current motor the coil windings are arranged on the pole teeth in winding cycles, in each of which a coil winding is wound onto each pole tooth. It is provided that on each pole tooth a first coil winding wound around the pole tooth in a first winding direction and a second coil winding wound around the pole tooth in a second winding direction opposite to the first winding direction are arranged.

A stator core including field slots housing field windings and armature slots housing armature windings is provided. Permanent magnets are housed in the respective armature slots. Field windings face to the permanent magnets directly or via the stator core on the outer and inner circumferential sides. A coil end of one of the armature windings straddles the predetermined one of the field slots and passes over the axial end face of each of the permanent magnets in the corresponding one of the field slots over which the coil end straddles.

A stator core including field slots housing field windings and armature slots housing armature windings is provided. Permanent magnets are housed in the respective armature slots. Field windings face to the permanent magnets directly or via the stator core on the outer and inner circumferential sides. A coil end of one of the armature windings straddles the predetermined one of the field slots and passes over the axial end face of each of the permanent magnets in the corresponding one of the field slots over which the coil end straddles.

A direct current (DC) electric motor assembly with a closed type overlap stator winding which is commutated with a timed commutating sequence that is capable of generating a stator rotating magnetic field. The coil overlap of the winding and a timed commutation sequence are such that the current in each slot of the stator is additive and when a previous magnetic pole collapses according to a commutation sequence; the energy released by that previous collapsing magnetic field is captured to strengthen the next magnetic field on the commutation sequence schedule. Electrical currents produced by the collapsing magnetic fields flow to low electric potential and add or subtract to the DC current provided by the commutator thus promoting formation of the next magnetic on commutation schedule. When used with a suitable commutator and rotor, the electric motor assembly provides a true brushless high torque speed controlled Real Direct Current (RDC) motor that operates with higher efficiency and higher power density.

An electromagnetic transducer, including at least one active air gap, wherein the active air gap is a non-axial air gap. In some instances, the electromagnetic transducer of claim further comprises a coil configured to generate a dynamic magnetic field, the coil having a longitudinal axis, wherein the active air gap extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the coil.

An electromagnetic transducer, including at least one active air gap, wherein the active air gap is a non-axial air gap. In some instances, the electromagnetic transducer of claim further comprises a coil configured to generate a dynamic magnetic field, the coil having a longitudinal axis, wherein the active air gap extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the coil.

An electromagnetic transducer, including a plurality of static flux paths, and a plurality of dynamic flux paths, wherein at least two of the plurality of static flux paths lie in respective first planes parallel and offset from one another, at least two of the plurality of dynamic flux paths lie in respective second planes parallel and offset from one another, and the first planes and the second planes are arrayed so as to establish at least a general tic-tac-toe lattice.

An electromagnetic transducer, including a plurality of static flux paths, and a plurality of dynamic flux paths, wherein at least two of the plurality of static flux paths lie in respective first planes parallel and offset from one another, at least two of the plurality of dynamic flux paths lie in respective second planes parallel and offset from one another, and the first planes and the second planes are arrayed so as to establish at least a general tic-tac-toe lattice.