A vibration motor includes a first vibrating body including a first projection and a second vibrating body including a second projection, the first vibrating body and the second vibrating body receiving electric power and vibrating to generate a driving force and transmitting the driving force to a driven section, a first coil spring configured to urge the first vibrating body and the second vibrating body in a driving direction and restrict positions of the first vibrating body and the second vibrating body in the driving direction, and a case housing the first vibrating body, the second vibrating body, and the first coil spring. The first vibrating body, the second vibrating body, and the first coil spring are arranged in the driving direction. The number of first coil springs is smaller than the number of first and second vibrating bodies in the urging direction.

A piezoelectric actuator includes a vibration portion, a support portion that is integrally configured with the vibration portion and supports the vibration portion, and a piezoelectric element that is disposed on the vibration portion. The piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric film including columnar crystal grains extending in a thickness direction. When a thickness of the piezoelectric film is referred to as T [μm] and an average diameter of the crystal grains in the width direction is referred to as D [μm], T/D is within a range of 10 to 100. The thickness T of the piezoelectric film is larger than or equal to 2 μm. A standard deviation of diameters of the crystal grains in the width direction is less than or equal to 1.8 μm.

A driving device that causes a movable body to move stably with minimal backward movement. The driving device includes a plate-shaped driving unit with an elastic body and a piezoelectric element joined to a main surface of the elastic body. Moreover, the movable body is disposed into a cavity of the elastic body and is moved by being pitch fed when the driving unit is driven. The driving unit vibrates with flexural vibration and one more other vibration modes or with vibration of a coupled mode in which the flexural vibration and the other vibration mode are coupled with each other.

A piezoelectric actuator includes a vibration portion, a support portion that is integrally configured with the vibration portion and supports the vibration portion, and a piezoelectric element that is disposed on the vibration portion. The piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric film including columnar crystal grains extending in a thickness direction. When a thickness of the piezoelectric film is referred to as T [?m] and an average diameter of the crystal grains in the width direction is referred to as D [?m], T/D is within a range of 10 to 100. The thickness T of the piezoelectric film is larger than or equal to 2 ?m. A standard deviation of diameters of the crystal grains in the width direction is less than or equal to 1.8 ?m.

Provided is a piezoelectric driving device for a motor including: a vibrating plate which includes a fixed portion and a vibrator portion in which a piezoelectric element is provided and which is supported by the fixed portion; and a contact portion which comes into contact with a driven body and transmits motion of the vibrating plate to the driven body, in which the fixed portion, the vibrator portion, and the contact portion are provided along an X direction in this order, when seen in a Y direction, when two directions parallel to a main surface of the vibrating plate and orthogonal to each other are set as the X direction and the Y direction and a direction orthogonal to the main surface of the vibrating plate is set as a Z direction.

A piezoelectric drive device includes a piezoelectric vibration module including a vibration portion and a transmission portion which abuts a driven portion and transmits vibration of the vibration portion to the driven portion and a control unit, and the vibration portion includes a first vibration portion and a second vibration portion disposed to be stacked in a second direction intersecting a first direction which is a direction in which the vibration portion is aligned with the driven portion, and the control unit causes the first vibration portion to vibrate in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction and causes the second vibration portion to vibrate in the first direction.

An ultrasonic motor comprising a rotor (18) having an at least partly spherical shape and two actuators (2, 2) each comprising an element of plate-shaped piezoelectric material comprising at least one contact edge (4, 4) in contact with the rotor (18), said actuators (2, 2) also comprising on one of their faces electrodes intended to bias piezoelectric materials in a bending mode and in a longitudinal mode. The contact edges (4, 4) are concave and are formed by an arc of circle the radius of which substantially corresponds to the radius of the surface of the rotor (18), said arcs of circle angularly extending at a determined angle such that the bending mode and the longitudinal mode in which the piezoelectric material is biased are at the same frequency.

A piezoelectric actuator includes a piezoelectric element, a vibrating plate configured to vibrate according to application of a signal to the piezoelectric element, and a driven body driven by the vibration of the vibrating plate. The vibrating plate vibrates in a first mode according to a signal having a first frequency, vibrates in a second mode according to a signal having a second frequency, and vibrates in a third mode according to a signal having a third frequency. The first frequency and the second frequency are different. The first frequency and the third frequency are different.