An example frequency converter includes a drift canceling loop with a balanced delay and a linear signal path (e.g., linear with respect to frequency scaling, amplitude modulation, and/or phase modulation). One side of the drift canceling loop includes a fixed delay, and the opposite side includes an adjustable, complementary delay. The adjustable, complementary delay facilitates precision matching of the signal delays on each side of the loop over a range of frequencies, which results in a significant improvement in noise cancelation, particularly at large offsets to the carrier, while permitting the use of a higher noise, but very fast tuning course scale oscillator. The linear signal path from the signal generator to an RF output facilitates modulation of the signal by the signal generator. A modular format is an advantageous embodiment of the invention that includes the removal of the frequency synthesizer's low phase noise reference into a separate module.

An example frequency converter includes a drift canceling loop with a balanced delay and a linear signal path (e.g., linear with respect to frequency scaling, amplitude modulation, and/or phase modulation). One side of the drift canceling loop includes a fixed delay, and the opposite side includes an adjustable, complementary delay. The adjustable, complementary delay facilitates precision matching of the signal delays on each side of the loop over a range of frequencies, which results in a significant improvement in noise cancelation, particularly at large offsets to the carrier, while permitting the use of a higher noise, but very fast tuning course scale oscillator. The linear signal path from the signal generator to an RF output facilitates modulation of the signal by the signal generator. A modular format is an advantageous embodiment of the invention that includes the removal of the frequency synthesizer's low phase noise reference into a separate module.

A phase locked loop circuit that is capable of stabilizing a frequency of an input signal even in the case where the frequency is unstable is provided. The phase locked loop circuit 12 that corrects a frequency error of an output signal from an oscillator to a predetermined target frequency; an ADC 121 that converts the output signal to a digital signal; reference frequency output means 123 that outputs a reference frequency signal; frequency error detection means 122a that detects the frequency error based on the digital signal and the reference frequency signal; correction signal generation means 122b that generates an error correction signal based on the frequency error; a DAC 124 that converts the error correction signal to an analog signal; and a multiplier 125 that multiplies the output signal by the analog signal to correct the frequency error of the output signal.

A reservoir computer. In some embodiments, the reservoir computer includes a Duffing oscillator, and a readout circuit, and the readout circuit is configured to calculate a plurality of products, each of the products being calculated by multiplying a sample, of a plurality of samples of a signal from the Duffing oscillator, by a respective weight of a plurality of weights.

In one embodiment, a power source for providing high-voltage radio-frequency (RF) energy to an instrument such as a mass spectrometer includes an RF power amplifier having an output, an oscillating RF signal generator configured to provide first and second RF signals respectively oscillating at first and second frequencies to the RF power amplifier, and a step-up circuit for magnifying the RF power amplifier output. The step-up circuit includes an LC resonator network tuned to the first and second frequencies, and an output for providing the magnified voltage to a rod assembly of the mass spectrometer.

A frequency doubler is provided that filters an input signal to form I and Q components responsive to a tuning signal. A single sideband mixer mixes the I and Q components with I and Q components of a local oscillator signal to form an output signal having a frequency of twice the frequency of the input signal.

A frequency doubler is provided that filters an input signal to form I and Q components responsive to a tuning signal. A single sideband mixer mixes the I and Q components with I and Q components of a local oscillator signal to form an output signal having a frequency of twice the frequency of the input signal.

A variable frequency oscillator circuit for generating an oscillating signal of a desired frequency, comprising a fixed frequency oscillator; one or more frequency dividers, arranged to receive the output of the fixed frequency oscillator and generate a signal with a divided frequency; and one or mixers, arranged to mix the outputs of the one or more frequency dividers to generate the oscillating signal of the desired frequency. The variable frequency oscillator circuit is arranged to modify the operation of the one or more mixers to suppress any unwanted signals in the generated oscillating signal.

A variable frequency oscillator circuit for generating an oscillating signal of a desired frequency, comprising a fixed frequency oscillator; one or more frequency dividers, arranged to receive the output of the fixed frequency oscillator and generate a signal with a divided frequency; and one or mixers, arranged to mix the outputs of the one or more frequency dividers to generate the oscillating signal of the desired frequency. The variable frequency oscillator circuit is arranged to modify the operation of the one or more mixers to suppress any unwanted signals in the generated oscillating signal.

The present invention relates to a radiofrequency oscillator comprising an optical resonator being a ring waveguide allowing the propagation of a first wave in a first direction and of a second wave in a second direction, the second direction being opposite to the first direction, and the resonator comprising an active optical medium generating a first optical line from the first wave and a second optical line from the second wave, the resonator being in contact with a part made of a material featuring a magneto-optic effect, an applier of external magnetic field of adjustable intensity on the resonator generating a frequency offset between the first wave and the second wave, and a processing circuit converting the beat between the two optical lines in a radiofrequency signal.