An oscillating device includes a first quartz crystal resonator, a driving circuit, a first waveform adjustment circuit, and at least two second quartz crystal resonators. The first quartz crystal resonator has a first resonant frequency. The driving circuit, coupled to the first quartz crystal resonator, drives the first quartz crystal resonator to generate a first oscillating signal having the first resonant frequency. The second quartz crystal resonators, coupled in parallel and coupled to the driving circuit and the first quartz crystal resonator, have a second resonant frequency and receive and rectify the first oscillating signal to generate a second oscillating signal having the second resonant frequency. The first waveform adjustment circuit, coupled to the second quartz crystal resonators, receives the second oscillating signal and adjusts the second oscillating signal to generate a first waveform adjustment signal.

An oscillating device includes a first quartz crystal resonator, a driving circuit, a first waveform adjustment circuit, and at least two second quartz crystal resonators. The first quartz crystal resonator has a first resonant frequency. The driving circuit, coupled to the first quartz crystal resonator, drives the first quartz crystal resonator to generate a first oscillating signal having the first resonant frequency. The second quartz crystal resonators, coupled in parallel and coupled to the driving circuit and the first quartz crystal resonator, have a second resonant frequency and receive and rectify the first oscillating signal to generate a second oscillating signal having the second resonant frequency. The first waveform adjustment circuit, coupled to the second quartz crystal resonators, receives the second oscillating signal and adjusts the second oscillating signal to generate a first waveform adjustment signal.

Networks of superharmonic injection-locked (SHIL) electronic oscillators can be used to emulate Ising machines for solving difficult computational problems. The oscillators can be simulated or implemented in hardware (e.g., with LC oscillators) and are coupled to each other with links whose connection strengths are weighted according to the problem being solved. The oscillators' phases may be measured with respect to reference signal(s) from one or more reference oscillators, each of which emits a reference signal but does not receive input from any other oscillator. Sparsely connected networks of SHIL oscillators and reference oscillators can be used as Viterbi decoders that do not suffer from the information bottleneck between logic computational blocks and memory in digital computing systems. Sparsely connected networks of SHIL oscillators and reference oscillators can also be programmed to act as Boolean logic gates that operate in both forward and backward directions, enabling multipliers that can factor numbers.

The disclosure relates to technology for power supply for a voltage controller oscillator (VCO). A peak detector circuit determines the amplitude of the output for the VCO, which is compared to a reference value in an automatic gain control loop. An input voltage for the VCO is determined based on a difference between the reference value and the output of the peak detector circuit. The peak detector circuit can be implemented using parasitic bipolar devices in an integrated circuit formed in a CMOS process.

A wireless system includes an active oscillator and a front-end circuit. The active oscillator is used to generate and output a reference clock. The active oscillator includes at least one active component, and does not include an electromechanical resonator. The front-end circuit is used to process a transmit (TX) signal or a receive (RX) signal according to a local oscillator (LO) signal. The LO signal is derived from the reference clock.

A dual-frequency-output crystal controlled oscillator includes a crystal resonator, an oscillator circuit, a first output terminal, a second output terminal, and a selection circuit. The crystal resonator includes an input terminal for measurement and an output terminal for measurement. The oscillator circuit is configured to amplify an output of the crystal resonator; a first output terminal configured to output a first frequency based on an output from the oscillator circuit. The second output terminal is configured to output a second frequency lower than the first frequency based on the output from the oscillator circuit. The selection circuit is configured to turn on/off an output of the first frequency. The input terminal for measurement is disposed such that a distance between the input terminal for measurement and the second output terminal is longer than a distance between the input terminal for measurement and the first output terminal.

In an electromagnetic wave generation device including a plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements, an instantaneous maximum power consumption during an electromagnetic wave generation operation is reduced. Specifically, the electromagnetic wave generation device includes a plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements that are divided into a plurality of groups, and a control unit that causes the plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements to oscillate while shifting a timing in units of group. For example, the control unit causes the plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements to oscillate such that when the number of the plurality of groups is n, an oscillation start timing of the group that performs mth oscillation (m is a natural number equal to or larger than 2 and equal to or smaller than n) is the same timing as or after an oscillation end timing of the group that performs (m−1)th oscillation.

In an electromagnetic wave generation device including a plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements, an instantaneous maximum power consumption during an electromagnetic wave generation operation is reduced. Specifically, the electromagnetic wave generation device includes a plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements that are divided into a plurality of groups, and a control unit that causes the plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements to oscillate while shifting a timing in units of group. For example, the control unit causes the plurality of electromagnetic wave generation elements to oscillate such that when the number of the plurality of groups is n, an oscillation start timing of the group that performs mth oscillation (m is a natural number equal to or larger than 2 and equal to or smaller than n) is the same timing as or after an oscillation end timing of the group that performs (m−1)th oscillation.

A substance detection system and a substance detection method are provided. The temperature identifying portion identifies a surface temperature of the quartz substrate, based on a difference between a deviation of the fundamental wave frequency from at least any predetermined reference fundamental wave frequency of the reference crystal resonator and the detecting crystal resonator and a deviation of the third harmonic frequency from a predetermined reference third harmonic frequency. The substance identifying portion identifies a temperature at which a contaminant attached to the detecting crystal resonator is desorbed from the detecting crystal resonator to identify the contaminant based on the temperature at which the contaminant is desorbed. The temperature is identified based on a difference between the fundamental wave frequency of the reference crystal resonator and the fundamental wave frequency of the detecting crystal resonator measured by the frequency measuring portion and the temperature identified by the temperature identifying portion.

Networks of superharmonic injection-locked (SHIL) electronic oscillators can be used to emulate Ising machines for solving difficult computational problems. The oscillators can be simulated or implemented in hardware (e.g., with LC oscillators) and are coupled to each other with links whose connection strengths are weighted according to the problem being solved. The oscillators' phases may be measured with respect to reference signal(s) from one or more reference oscillators, each of which emits a reference signal but does not receive input from any other oscillator. Sparsely connected networks of SHIL oscillators and reference oscillators can be used as Viterbi decoders that do not suffer from the information bottleneck between logic computational blocks and memory in digital computing systems. Sparsely connected networks of SHIL oscillators and reference oscillators can also be programmed to act as Boolean logic gates that operate in both forward and backward directions, enabling multipliers that can factor numbers.