A low loss, wide band, phase shifter utilizing one or more transformers in presented. In one case, the phase shifter includes a reflective SPDT switch that is coupled to a transformer. In another case, the phase shifter includes a distributed SPDT switch that includes switchable conduction paths having series connected unit elements of a same phase shift. The transformer may be part of an existing circuit and may be reused to provide the functionality of the phase shifter by introducing the reflective or the distributed SPDT switch.

A low loss, wide band, phase shifter utilizing one or more transformers in presented. In one case, the phase shifter includes a reflective SPDT switch that is coupled to a transformer. In another case, the phase shifter includes a distributed SPDT switch that includes switchable conduction paths having series connected unit elements of a same phase shift. The transformer may be part of an existing circuit and may be reused to provide the functionality of the phase shifter by introducing the reflective or the distributed SPDT switch.

A modulator, a manufacturing method, and a transmitting apparatus are provided, applied to the field of wireless communication technologies. The modulator includes a first modulation circuit. The first modulation circuit includes a diode and a first microstrip. The first microstrip includes a first metal wire, a second metal wire, and an intermediate medium. The first metal wire and the second metal wire are disposed in parallel on a first surface of the intermediate medium along a first straight line. A first end of the first metal wire is opposite to a second end of the second metal wire, and a first spacing area with a spacing distance equal to a first value exists between the first end of the first metal wire and the second end of the second metal wire. A second end of the first metal wire is coupled to an anode of the diode.