A method includes determining a phase error for a first clock signal and a second clock signal and determining an offset based on the phase error for the first clock signal and the second clock signal. The method also includes adding the offset to a phase of the first clock signal to produce a first adjusted clock signal and subtracting the offset from a phase of the second clock signal to produce a second adjusted clock signal. A phase error for the first adjusted clock signal and the second adjusted clock signal is smaller than the phase error for the first clock signal and the second clock signal.

A method includes determining a phase error for a first clock signal and a second clock signal and determining an offset based on the phase error for the first clock signal and the second clock signal. The method also includes adding the offset to a phase of the first clock signal to produce a first adjusted clock signal and subtracting the offset from a phase of the second clock signal to produce a second adjusted clock signal. A phase error for the first adjusted clock signal and the second adjusted clock signal is smaller than the phase error for the first clock signal and the second clock signal.

Apparatus, system and method for operating a transmission line. The transmission line includes two non-electrically coupled conductive sections. At least one electronic device is coupled to and between the two sections of the transmission line. The at least one electronic device are configured to stably maintain, in the absence of electric current applied to the at least one electronic device, a conductive state, and a non-conductive state, as between the two sections of the transmission line.

First and second paths (I,II) are connected in parallel between an input terminal (IN) and an output terminal (OUT). A high-pass filter (HPF) is provided in the first path (I). A low-pass filter (LPF) is provided in the second path (II). A switch (SW1-SW4) connects one of the high-pass filter (HPF) and the low-pass filter (LPF) to the input terminal (IN) and the output terminal (OUT) and disconnects the other. A transmission line (TL1,TL2) is provided on the first and second paths (I,II) respectively. A line length of the transmission line (TL1,TL2) is adjusted such that a resonance caused due to circuit constants of the high-pass filter (HPF) and the low-pass filter (LPF) and capacitance obtained when the switch (SW1-SW4) is OFF is shifted to a communication frequency band.

First and second paths (I,II) are connected in parallel between an input terminal (IN) and an output terminal (OUT). A high-pass filter (HPF) is provided in the first path (I). A low-pass filter (LPF) is provided in the second path (II). A switch (SW1-SW4) connects one of the high-pass filter (HPF) and the low-pass filter (LPF) to the input terminal (IN) and the output terminal (OUT) and disconnects the other. A transmission line (TL1,TL2) is provided on the first and second paths (I,II) respectively. A line length of the transmission line (TL1,TL2) is adjusted such that a resonance caused due to circuit constants of the high-pass filter (HPF) and the low-pass filter (LPF) and capacitance obtained when the switch (SW1-SW4) is OFF is shifted to a communication frequency band.

Provided is a radio frequency phase shifter. The radio frequency phase shifter includes multiple sections of first transmission lines, multiple sections of second transmission lines, multiple mixers, and multiple couplers. Multiple sections of first transmission lines are sequentially connected to form a bus transmission line. Multiple sections of second transmission lines are sequentially connected to form another bus transmission line. Moreover, multiple sections of first transmission lines have a one-to-one correspondence with multiple sections of second transmission lines. One coupler is connected between two adjacent sections of first transmission lines. One coupler is connected between two adjacent sections of second transmission lines. One mixer is connected between the two corresponding couplers. In the case where two input signals with different frequencies are transmitted on two bus transmission lines respectively, the multiple mixers arranged in sequence output a group of signals with a phase gradient.

Provided is a radio frequency phase shifter. The radio frequency phase shifter includes multiple sections of first transmission lines, multiple sections of second transmission lines, multiple mixers, and multiple couplers. Multiple sections of first transmission lines are sequentially connected to form a bus transmission line. Multiple sections of second transmission lines are sequentially connected to form another bus transmission line. Moreover, multiple sections of first transmission lines have a one-to-one correspondence with multiple sections of second transmission lines. One coupler is connected between two adjacent sections of first transmission lines. One coupler is connected between two adjacent sections of second transmission lines. One mixer is connected between the two corresponding couplers. In the case where two input signals with different frequencies are transmitted on two bus transmission lines respectively, the multiple mixers arranged in sequence output a group of signals with a phase gradient.

A first phase shift circuit amplifies, when a first signal, a second signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees from the first signal, a third signal having a phase difference of 180 degrees from the first signal, and a fourth signal having a phase difference of 270 degrees from the first signal are output from a 90-degree distributor that distributes an input signal, each of any three signals from among the first signal to the fourth signal. A second phase shift circuit amplifies each of any two signals of any three signals and one signal that is not amplified by the first phase shift circuit from among the first signal to the fourth signal. One or more phase shift circuits of the first phase shift circuit and the second phase shift circuit each include a compensation circuit that compensates for a phase error of the synthesized signal.

A first phase shift circuit amplifies, when a first signal, a second signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees from the first signal, a third signal having a phase difference of 180 degrees from the first signal, and a fourth signal having a phase difference of 270 degrees from the first signal are output from a 90-degree distributor that distributes an input signal, each of any three signals from among the first signal to the fourth signal. A second phase shift circuit amplifies each of any two signals of any three signals and one signal that is not amplified by the first phase shift circuit from among the first signal to the fourth signal. One or more phase shift circuits of the first phase shift circuit and the second phase shift circuit each include a compensation circuit that compensates for a phase error of the synthesized signal.

A method includes determining a phase error for a first clock signal and a second clock signal and determining an offset based on the phase error for the first clock signal and the second clock signal. The method also includes adding the offset to a phase of the first clock signal to produce a first adjusted clock signal and subtracting the offset from a phase of the second clock signal to produce a second adjusted clock signal. A phase error for the first adjusted clock signal and the second adjusted clock signal is smaller than the phase error for the first clock signal and the second clock signal.