Nonlinear acoustic media and related methods are described herein. The nonlinear acoustic media are configured to generate higher harmonic output signals from a single-frequency input signal. The higher harmonic output signals can be generated through the coupling of an acoustic dielectric medium to a nonlinear piezoelectric medium having four ports.

A passband filter includes a first and second microelectromechanical resonator system, each including a resonating beam, a drive electrode, and a sense electrode. An AC input signal is coupled to the drive electrode of the first and second microelectromechanical resonator system. A differential-to-single ended amplifier has a first input and second input respectively coupled to the sense electrodes of the first and second microelectromechanical resonator systems. An output of the differential-to-single ended amplifier is an output of the passband filter that provides a bandpass filtered signal of the AC input signal. A DC bias signal is coupled to the resonating beams of the first and second microelectromechanical resonator systems. The first microelectromechanical resonator system exhibits a hardening nonlinear behavior defining an upper stop frequency of the passband and the second microelectromechanical resonator system exhibits a softening nonlinear behavior defining a lower stop frequency of the passband.

Embodiments of multi-frequency excitation are described. In various embodiments, a natural frequency of a device may be determined. In turn, a first voltage amplitude and first fixed frequency of a first source of excitation can be selected for the device based on the natural frequency. Additionally, a second voltage amplitude of a second source of excitation can be selected for the device, and the first and second sources of excitation can be applied to the device. After applying the first and second sources of excitation, a frequency of the second source of excitation can be swept. Using the methods of multi-frequency excitation described herein, new operating frequencies, operating frequency ranges, resonance frequencies, resonance frequency ranges, and/or resonance responses can be achieved for devices and systems.

An even-mode resonator filter is disclosed. The even-mode resonator filter is provided with high stability, and comprises: a first even-mode resonance module, a second even-mode resonance module, a first filter unit and a second filter unit. In the present invention, the first even-mode resonance module comprises a first resonance unit and a second resonance unit, and the second even-mode resonance module comprises a third resonance unit and a fourth resonance unit. By letting the second resonance unit be coupled to the first resonance unit as well as making the third resonance unit be coupled to the fourth resonance unit, the even-mode resonator filter of the present invention has the advantage of eliminating unexpected resonance.

An even-mode resonator filter is disclosed. The even-mode resonator filter is provided with high stability, and comprises: a first even-mode resonance module, a second even-mode resonance module, a first filter unit and a second filter unit. In the present invention, the first even-mode resonance module comprises a first resonance unit and a second resonance unit, and the second even-mode resonance module comprises a third resonance unit and a fourth resonance unit. By letting the second resonance unit be coupled to the first resonance unit as well as making the third resonance unit be coupled to the fourth resonance unit, the even-mode resonator filter of the present invention has the advantage of eliminating unexpected resonance.

A method for designing a narrowband acoustic wave microwave filter including: generating a modeled filter circuit design having circuit elements including an acoustic resonant element defined by an electrical circuit model that includes a parallel static branch, a parallel motional branch, and one or both of a parallel Bragg Band branch that models an upper Bragg Band discontinuity and a parallel bulk mode function that models an acoustic bulk mode loss; and generating a final circuit design. Generating the final circuit design includes optimizing the modeled filter circuit design to generate an optimized filter circuit design; comparing a frequency response of the optimized filter circuit design to requirements; selecting the optimized filter circuit design for construction into the actual acoustic microwave filter based on the comparison; and transforming the optimized filter circuit design to a design description file for input to a construction process.

A passband filter includes a first and second microelectromechanical resonator system, each including a resonating beam, a drive electrode, and a sense electrode. An AC input signal is coupled to the drive electrode of the first and second microelectromechanical resonator system. A differential-to-single ended amplifier has a first input and second input respectively coupled to the sense electrodes of the first and second microelectromechanical resonator systems. An output of the differential-to-single ended amplifier is an output of the passband filter that provides a bandpass filtered signal of the AC input signal. A DC bias signal is coupled to the resonating beams of the first and second microelectromechanical resonator systems. The first microelectromechanical resonator system exhibits a hardening nonlinear behavior defining an upper stop frequency of the passband and the second microelectromechanical resonator system exhibits a softening nonlinear behavior defining a lower stop frequency of the passband.

Active feedback is used with two electrodes of a four-electrode capacitive-gap transduced wine-glass disk resonator to enable boosting of an intrinsic resonator Q and to allow independent control of insertion loss across the two other electrodes. Two such Q-boosted resonators configured as parallel micromechanical filters may achieve a tiny 0.001% bandwidth passband centered around 61 MHz with only 2.7 dB of insertion loss, boosting the intrinsic resonator Q from 57,000, to an active Q of 670,000. The split capacitive coupling electrode design removes amplifier feedback from the signal path, allowing independent control of input-output coupling, Q, and frequency. Controllable resonator Q allows creation of narrow channel-select filters with insertion losses lower than otherwise achievable, and allows maximizing the dynamic range of a communication front-end without the need for a variable gain low noise amplifier.

A method for designing a narrowband acoustic wave microwave filter including: generating a modeled filter circuit design having circuit elements including an acoustic resonant element defined by an electrical circuit model that includes a parallel static branch, a parallel motional branch, and one or both of a parallel Bragg Band branch that models an upper Bragg Band discontinuity and a parallel bulk mode function that models an acoustic bulk mode loss; and generating a final circuit design. Generating the final circuit design includes optimizing the modeled filter circuit design to generate an optimized filter circuit design; comparing a frequency response of the optimized filter circuit design to requirements; selecting the optimized filter circuit design for construction into the actual acoustic microwave filter based on the comparison; and transforming the optimized filter circuit design to a design description file for input to a construction process.

A method for designing a narrowband acoustic wave microwave filter including: generating a modeled filter circuit design having circuit elements including an acoustic resonant element defined by an electrical circuit model that includes a parallel static branch, a parallel motional branch, and one or both of a parallel Bragg Band branch that models an upper Bragg Band discontinuity and a parallel bulk mode function that models an acoustic bulk mode loss; and generating a final circuit design. Generating the final circuit design includes optimizing the modeled filter circuit design to generate an optimized filter circuit design; comparing a frequency response of the optimized filter circuit design to requirements; selecting the optimized filter circuit design for construction into the actual acoustic microwave filter based on the comparison; and transforming the optimized filter circuit design to a design description file for input to a construction process.