A microcontroller based multifunctional electronic switch using a detection circuit design to convert external control signal into message carrying sensing signal readable to the microcontroller. Based on a time length of sensing signal and a format of the sensing signal received in a preset instant period of time the microcontroller through the operation of its software program codes is able to recognize working modes chosen by the external control signal generated by user, and thereby selecting appropriate loops of subroutine for execution. The system and method of the present invention may simultaneously be applicable to detection circuit design using infrared ray sensor, electrostatic induction sensor, conduction based touch sensor or push button sensor for performing multifunctions such as controlling on/off switch performance, diming or speed control and delay timer management within the capacity of a single lighting load or an electrical appliance.

A differential switch circuit includes: a first transistor having a first terminal coupled with a first input terminal, a second terminal coupled with a first output terminal, and a control terminal coupled with a switch signal receiving terminal; a second transistor having a first terminal coupled with a second input terminal, a second terminal coupled with a second output terminal, and a control terminal coupled with the switch signal receiving terminal; a central switch element positioned between the control terminals of the first and second transistors; and a switch element control circuit for controlling the central switch element based on a switch signal. When the switch signal turns on the first and second transistors, the switch element control circuit turns off the central switch element, and when the switch signal turns off the first and second transistors, the switch element control circuit turns on the central switch element.

A differential switch circuit includes: a first transistor having a first terminal coupled with a first input terminal, a second terminal coupled with a first output terminal, and a control terminal coupled with a switch signal receiving terminal; a second transistor having a first terminal coupled with a second input terminal, a second terminal coupled with a second output terminal, and a control terminal coupled with the switch signal receiving terminal; a central switch element positioned between the control terminals of the first and second transistors; and a switch element control circuit for controlling the central switch element based on a switch signal. When the switch signal turns on the first and second transistors, the switch element control circuit turns off the central switch element, and when the switch signal turns off the first and second transistors, the switch element control circuit turns on the central switch element.

A semiconductor switch control device includes a first FET and a second FET arranged adjacent to each other, in which source terminals are connected in series. A drain terminal of the first FET is connected to a high voltage battery, and a drain terminal of the second FET is connected to a high voltage load. A controller determines a temperature state of a minus-side main relay including the second FET based on a forward voltage of a body diode of the first FET.

A semiconductor switch control device includes a first FET and a second FET arranged adjacent to each other, in which source terminals are connected in series. A drain terminal of the first FET is connected to a high voltage battery, and a drain terminal of the second FET is connected to a high voltage load. A controller determines a temperature state of a minus-side main relay including the second FET based on a forward voltage of a body diode of the first FET.

The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and circuits for reducing switch transition time of superconductor switches. In some embodiments, an electrical circuit includes: (i) an input component configured to generate heat in response to an electrical input; and (ii) a first superconducting component thermally-coupled to the input component. The electrical circuit is configured such that, in the absence of the electrical input, at least a portion of the first superconducting component is maintained in a non-superconducting state in the absence of the electrical input; and, in response to the electrical input, the first superconducting component transitions to a superconducting state.

The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and circuits for reducing switch transition time of superconductor switches. In some embodiments, an electrical circuit includes: (i) an input component configured to generate heat in response to an electrical input; and (ii) a first superconducting component thermally-coupled to the input component. The electrical circuit is configured such that, in the absence of the electrical input, at least a portion of the first superconducting component is maintained in a non-superconducting state in the absence of the electrical input; and, in response to the electrical input, the first superconducting component transitions to a superconducting state.

Key switches of the inventive subject matter are designed to give users the tactile feel of key switches from expensive mechanical keyboards without drawback typically associated with alternative key switches. In some embodiments, key switches described in this application are designed to function with a sheet of membrane switches, while in other embodiments, key switches of the inventive subject matter incorporate optical switching in place of membrane switching. Embodiments for use with membrane switching feature a plunger and rocker combination that prevents the pressure from a user's key press from being directly transferred to a membrane switch, thereby reducing wear and tear. In optical switching embodiments, pressing the key switch causes an actuator, e.g., come between an optical emitter/receiver pair to register a key press.

A theory and a technical foundation for building a technical framework of a color temperature tuning technology are disclosed, composing a power allocation algorithm and a power allocation circuitry, wherein the power allocation algorithm is a software for designing a process of dividing and sharing a total electric power between at least a first LED load emitting light with a first color temperature CT1 and a second LED load emitting light with a second color temperature CT2 to generate at least one paired combination of a first electric power X allocated to the first LED load and a second electric power Y allocated to the second LED load to create at least one mingled light color temperature CTapp thru a light diffuser according to color temperature tuning formulas CTapp=CT1.Math.X/(X+Y)+CT2.Math.Y/(X+Y) and X+Y=constant; and the power allocation circuitry is a hardware designed for implementing the process.

This disclosure provides methods, devices, and systems for controlling motion-activated switches. The present implementations more specifically relate to relay controller that prevent motion-activated switches from turning off devices associated with an environment in which people are present. In some aspects, a motion-activated switch may include a relay controller coupled to a motion sensor, a camera, and a relay. The motion sensor outputs a motion trigger to the relay controller responsive to detecting motion in an environment. The motion trigger may cause the relay controller to acquire one or more images of the environment, via the camera, and selectively toggle the relay based on the acquired images. For example, the relay controller may close the relay responsive to identifying an image that includes an object of interest or may open the relay controller may open the relay responsive to identifying an image that does not include an object of interest.