In an integrated circuit, a first current source is coupled between a first supply voltage and a first node. An output stage includes a first current steering PMOS transistor coupled to the first node, a first current steering NMOS transistor including a first current electrode coupled to the first current steering PMOS transistor at a second node, a second current steering PMOS coupled to the first node, and a second current steering NMOS transistor including a first current electrode coupled to the second current steering PMOS transistor at a third node. Voltage at the second node is used to drive a gate of the second current steering PMOS transistor, and voltage at the third node is used to drive a gate of the first current steering PMOS transistor. First and second programmable slew rate pre-drivers provide outputs to the gates of the first and second current steering NMOS transistors, respectively.

A high-frequency high-linear input buffer includes a first MOS transistor, a second MOS transistor, a third MOS transistor, and a signal panning unit. A gate terminal of the first MOS transistor is used as an input terminal of the buffer. A current input terminal of the first MOS transistor is connected to a current output terminal of the second MOS transistor. A current output terminal of the first MOS transistor is connected to a current input terminal of the third MOS transistor. A current input terminal of the second MOS transistor is connected to a gate terminal of the third MOS transistor. An input terminal of the signal panning unit is connected to an input terminal of the buffer. An output terminal of the signal panning unit is connected to a gate terminal of the second MOS transistor. An output terminal of the third MOS transistor is connected to ground.

A low voltage differential driver includes a first driver, a second driver, and an output driver. The output driver is configured to provide an output between a first output node and a second output node, and includes a current source, a first branch, and a second branch. The current source is configured to provide a source current. The current source is connected with a parallel arrangement of the first branch and the second branch. The first switch and the second switch are respectively controlled by a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit which together comprise the first driver. The third switch and the fourth switch are respectively controlled by a third switch circuit and a fourth switch circuit which together comprise the second driver. Each of the first to fourth switch circuits is connected between the upper node and the lower node.

An interface circuit and an electronic apparatus, including: a programmable current array (1), generating a first current and a second current transmitted to a common mode and differential mode generation circuit (2) according to an input code, and a third current and a fourth current transmitted to a driving bias generation circuit (3) according to the input code; the common mode and differential mode generation circuit (2), generating a common mode voltage according to the first current, and generating a high level voltage and a low level voltage according to the second current and the common mode voltage; a driving bias generation circuit (3), simulating a load according to the third and fourth currents, and generating a bias voltage based on the load and the low and high level voltages; an output driving circuit (4), converting an input signal into a differential signal in which the common mode voltage and a differential mode amplitude are configurable.

A semiconductor device according to the present disclosure includes: a first output terminal and a second output terminal; a first driver that has a first positive terminal coupled to the first output terminal and a first negative terminal coupled to the second output terminal, and outputs a differential signal corresponding to a first signal from the first positive terminal and the first negative terminal; and a second driver that has a second positive terminal coupled to the second output terminal and a second negative terminal coupled to the first output terminal, and outputs a differential signal corresponding to the first signal from the second positive terminal and the second negative terminal.

A level shifter can achieve a level shift by a wide margin. The level shifter includes a latch circuit, a clamping circuit, a protection circuit, and an input circuit. The latch circuit is coupled between a high-voltage terminal and a pair of output terminals for outputting a pair of output signals. The clamping circuit is coupled between a medium-voltage terminal and the pair of output terminals and limits the minimum voltage of the pair of output signals to the medium voltage. The protection circuit is set between the latch circuit and the input circuit, and prevents an excessive voltage drop between the input circuit and the pair of output terminals. The input circuit includes an input transistor pair coupled between the protection circuit and a low-voltage terminal having a low voltage. The input transistor pair receives a pair of input signals and operates accordingly.

A multi-bit level shifter that has a plurality of level shifters, each of which is configured to receive an input signal in a first voltage domain and provide a corresponding output signal in a second voltage domain. The level shifters each have an enable node. An enable circuit includes an output terminal connected to the enable node of each of the plurality of level shifters, and each of the plurality of level shifters is configured to output the corresponding output signals in response an enable signal received by the enable circuit.

A level shifter circuit for translating input signal to output signal is disclosed. The level shifter includes an input stage and a latch stage. The latch stage comprises at least a transistor characterized in a substantially matched transconductance with the input stage for preventing a discrete realization of a voltage clamp circuit. The transistor is a semiconductor device including a source region having a source doping region and a drain region having a first doping region and a second doping region. The first doping region is doped with a first conductivity impurity. The second doping region is disposed around the first doping region so as to surround the first doping region, and is doped with a second conductivity impurity. The second doping region has a higher on-resistance than the first doping region, thereby a high resistive series path is created by the second doping region to mimic an embedded resistor.

Various embodiments relate to a level shifter circuit configured to generate a voltage output, including: a first charging path circuit; a second charging path circuit; and an enable circuit configured to enable the first charging path circuit and the second charging path circuit, wherein the voltage output is a combination of the voltage from the first charging path circuit and the second charging path circuit, the first charging path circuit charges up to a voltage limit, and the first charging path circuit charges the voltage output faster than the second charging path circuit.

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses, methods and techniques for driving a differential transmission line and an associated differential load. One such apparatus includes an input data line; an output data line; positive and negative supply rails; a pair of source termination resistors coupled to the positive supply rail; a first pair of n-channel transistors coupled to the source resistors and to the output data line; and a second pair of n-channel transistors coupled to the output line and to the negative supply rail.