In described examples of a ramp circuit, a first terminal of a capacitor is coupled to a ramp terminal and a second capacitor terminal is coupled to a return terminal. A charge source has an input terminal coupled to a supply terminal and a charge output terminal. A resistor has a first terminal coupled to the return terminal. A first switch is coupled between the ramp terminal and a second terminal of the resistor. A second switch is coupled between the charge output terminal and the ramp terminal.

In described examples of a ramp circuit, a first terminal of a capacitor is coupled to a ramp terminal and a second capacitor terminal is coupled to a return terminal. A charge source has an input terminal coupled to a supply terminal and a charge output terminal. A resistor has a first terminal coupled to the return terminal. A first switch is coupled between the ramp terminal and a second terminal of the resistor. A second switch is coupled between the charge output terminal and the ramp terminal.

A method for electrically controlling a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties enclosed in a glazing unit includes controlling the optical properties by a control unit connected to two transparent flat electrodes of the functional element, and applying a voltage by the control unit between the flat electrodes and the polarity of the voltage is periodically changed. The voltage has a trapezoidal profile and by the control unit an increasing electrical voltage is applied for charging the functional element, the electrical voltage increasing to a first peak value, the electrical voltage is reduced from the first peak value to a final voltage for discharging the functional element, the functional element is charged with the increasing electrical voltage with reversed polarity, wherein the electrical voltage increases to a second peak value, the electrical voltage is reduced from the second peak value to the final voltage for discharging the functional element.

A system and method for synchronizing clocks. The system may include a master device having a reference clock and slave devices whose clocks may be synchronized with the reference clock. The master device may drive a light transmitter (e.g., LED) to produce a light pulse with each clock cycle of the reference clock. The light pluses may be distributed by a transmissive medium, such as a low cost optical fiber.

A system and method for synchronizing clocks. The system may include a master device having a reference clock and slave devices whose clocks may be synchronized with the reference clock. The master device may drive a light transmitter (e.g., LED) to produce a light pulse with each clock cycle of the reference clock. The light pluses may be distributed by a transmissive medium, such as a low cost optical fiber.

An adaptive control circuit of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) includes a switch circuit, a forward diode-connected transistor, a backward diode-connected transistor, and a first delay circuit. The switch circuit is supplied by a supply voltage, and is coupled to a first node. The backward diode-connected transistor is coupled in parallel with the forward diode-connected transistor between the first node and a second node. The first delay circuit is coupled between the second node and a ground voltage.

A differential voltage-to-time converter (VTC) architecture and method of providing VTC signals are disclosed. The VTC includes a ramp generator that generates a ramp voltage, capacitors having a bottom plate coupled with the ramp generator to receive the ramp voltage, and inverters having inputs coupled to top plates of the capacitors to provide signals based on a sampled signal. A threshold voltage or supply voltage of the inverters tracks a minimum input signal voltage.

A differential voltage-to-time converter (VTC) architecture and method of providing VTC signals are disclosed. The VTC includes a ramp generator that generates a ramp voltage, capacitors having a bottom plate coupled with the ramp generator to receive the ramp voltage, and inverters having inputs coupled to top plates of the capacitors to provide signals based on a sampled signal. A threshold voltage or supply voltage of the inverters tracks a minimum input signal voltage.

A drive circuit includes a control signal generator configured to generate a control signal based on a drive signal and a source drive signal, and an amplifier including a high-side transistor and a low-side transistor controlled based on the control signal. The amplifier is configured to output the drive signal from an output terminal to drive a capacitive load during a first period in which a voltage of the drive signal changes to be higher than or equal to a first voltage per unit time and a second period in which the voltage changes to be lower than the first voltage or does not change per unit time. The first period includes a period in which one of the high-side and the low-side transistors performs a switching operation. The second period includes a period in which the one of the high-side and the low-side transistors performs a linear operation.

Examples of a signal calculator include a voltage multiplier and a time divider. The voltage multiplier copies time information corresponding to a first voltage and generates a third voltage using a second current corresponding to a second voltage during a first period corresponding to the copied time information. The time divider generates an output according to a result of comparing a voltage generated by a first current on the basis of a voltage corresponding to a first time with a second voltage corresponding to a second time.