An electrosurgical system includes an electrosurgical device including a pair of opposing jaw members movable between an open jaw position and a closed jaw position, a main switch, a button configured to actuate the main switch, and a secondary switch configured to actuate based on the thickness of the grasped tissue. The system also includes an electrosurgical generator coupled to the electrosurgical device, the electrosurgical generator is configured to generate an electrosurgical output in response to actuation of the main switch and the secondary switch.

A configuration circuit for obtaining a digital code includes a controller circuit that generates a plurality of multibit control words. A digitally controlled current source circuit receives a multibit control word generated by the controller circuit. The digitally controlled current source circuit generates an output current that corresponds to the multibit control word in accordance with a predetermined output curve. A test voltage node receives the output current, and a test voltage develops in response to the output current. A reference voltage node develops a reference voltage, the level of which is independent of the multibit control word. A voltage comparison circuit (i) receives the test voltage and the reference voltage, (ii) compares the two voltages to produce a comparison result and (iii) sends the comparison result to the controller circuit. The digital code is obtained by the configuration circuit using the comparison result and the multibit control word.

A semiconductor device includes a first contact receiving a first voltage, a second contact receiving a second voltage, one or more comparing elements comparing the first and second voltages, and one or more setting elements setting one or more parameters of the device in response to a comparison of the first and second voltages. When the first voltage is greater than the second voltage the setting element selects the first voltage as a high voltage, the second voltage as a low voltage, and sets a mode signal to a first value. When the second voltage is greater than the first voltage the setting element selects the first voltage as the low voltage, the second voltage as the high voltage, and sets the mode signal to a second value. The first and second values alter a condition of an electronic component coupled with the device between a first and second state.

A measuring system for detecting switching states including a signal converter having signal inputs to each of which an associated binary switching signal representing a switching state can be applied. Electrical resistors, at which an associated measurement signal can be tapped on the basis of the associated binary switching signal, is connected downstream of each of the signal inputs, wherein the electrical resistors have resistance values, which differ from each other, and wherein the electrical resistors are connected in parallel to each other. The signal converter also has a signal output, which is connected downstream of the electrical resistors in order to provide a sum measurement signal at the signal output with a sum current strength, which sum measurement signal is formed from the sum of the measurement signals, and wherein the sum measurement signal has a current strength which can be uniquely assigned to a current strength reference value.

A measuring system for detecting switching states including a signal converter having signal inputs to each of which an associated binary switching signal representing a switching state can be applied. Electrical resistors, at which an associated measurement signal can be tapped on the basis of the associated binary switching signal, is connected downstream of each of the signal inputs, wherein the electrical resistors have resistance values, which differ from each other, and wherein the electrical resistors are connected in parallel to each other. The signal converter also has a signal output, which is connected downstream of the electrical resistors in order to provide a sum measurement signal at the signal output with a sum current strength, which sum measurement signal is formed from the sum of the measurement signals, and wherein the sum measurement signal has a current strength which can be uniquely assigned to a current strength reference value.

A redundant and dissimilar system for monitoring the status of contactors of an aircraft control stick. This monitoring system comprises at least one electrical power source, at least one processor and several circuits for monitoring the status of the switches of the contactors. Each monitoring circuit comprises and electrical power source, a switch for each contactor, the switches of a contactor being connected to each other, and an electronic assembly provided with receivers arranged in series with each other. Each switch is arranged in parallel with at least one receiver so as to short-circuit the at least one receiver when the switch is in the closed state. Each processor measures and analyses an electrical feature of the electronic assembly, such as a mains voltage VE as the terminals of the electronics assembly, in order to determine the status of each switch.

An electrical assembly includes a primary controller, a secondary controller, and a switch assembly. The primary controller, the secondary controller, and/or the switch assembly may be electrically connected, and/or the secondary controller may be configured to control the primary controller according to a position of a switch of the switch assembly. The switch assembly may be connected to the primary controller, and/or the primary controller may be configured to control movement of a vehicle seat according to the position of the switch. The primary controller may include a first state and/or a second state; and the primary controller may be configured to instruct the secondary controller to change the primary controller from the second state to the first state. The first state of the primary controller may be a low power mode.

A redundant and dissimilar system for monitoring the status of contactors of an aircraft control stick. This monitoring system comprises at least one electrical power source, at least one processor and several circuits for monitoring the status of the switches of the contactors. Each monitoring circuit comprises and electrical power source, a switch for each contactor, the switches of a contactor being connected to each other, and an electronic assembly provided with receivers arranged in series with each other. Each switch is arranged in parallel with at least one receiver so as to short-circuit the at least one receiver when the switch is in the closed state. Each processor measures and analyses an electrical feature of the electronic assembly, such as a mains voltage VE as the terminals of the electronics assembly, in order to determine the status of each switch.

Provided are an input device and an electronic apparatus each including capacitive elements and being capable of allowing a plurality of information items to be separately input by simple operations. The input device includes: a capacitive element; a conductor that can be electrostatically coupled to the capacitive element; an operation portion that allows a load to be applied to the conductor; and a retaining portion that retains the conductor apart from the capacitive element. The retaining portion is capable of displacing the conductor with respect to the capacitive element in a stepwise manner in accordance with the load that is applied to the conductor through intermediation of the operation portion, and is capable of retaining the conductor at a plurality of positions with respect to the capacitive element.

Provided are an input device and an electronic apparatus each including capacitive elements and being capable of allowing a plurality of information items to be separately input by simple operations. The input device includes: a capacitive element; a conductor that can be electrostatically coupled to the capacitive element; an operation portion that allows a load to be applied to the conductor; and a retaining portion that retains the conductor apart from the capacitive element. The retaining portion is capable of displacing the conductor with respect to the capacitive element in a stepwise manner in accordance with the load that is applied to the conductor through intermediation of the operation portion, and is capable of retaining the conductor at a plurality of positions with respect to the capacitive element.