A bit interleaving method involves applying a bit permutation process to a QC-LDPC codeword made up of N cyclic blocks each including Q bits, and dividing the codeword after the permutation process into a plurality of constellation words each including M bits, the codeword being divided into F×N/M folding sections, each of the constellation words being associated with one of the F×N/M folding sections, and the bit permutation process being applied such that each of the constellation words includes F bits from each of M/F different cyclic blocks in a given folding section associated with a given constellation word

A bit interleaving method involves applying a bit permutation process to a QC-LDPC codeword made up of N cyclic blocks each including Q bits, and dividing the codeword after the permutation process into a plurality of constellation words each including M bits, the codeword being divided into F×N/M folding sections, each of the constellation words being associated with one of the F×N/M folding sections, and the bit permutation process being applied such that each of the constellation words includes F bits from each of M/F different cyclic blocks in a given folding section associated with a given constellation word.

A transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus are provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword by performing LDPC encoding; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to modulate the interleaved LDPC codeword according to a modulation method to generate a modulation symbol. The interleaver is formed of a plurality of columns each including a plurality of rows and includes a block interleaver configured to divide each of the plurality of columns into a first part and a second part and interleave the LDPC codeword, the number of rows constituting each column divided into the first part is determined differently depending upon the modulation method, wherein the number of rows constituting each column divided into the second part is determined depending upon the number of rows constituting each column divided into the first part.

A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the modulator is further configured to map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A transmitter apparatus and a receiver apparatus are provided. The transmitter apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) by performing LDPC encoding; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol. The modulator maps a bit included in a predetermined group from among a plurality of groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit in the modulation symbol.

A transmitter apparatus and a receiver apparatus are provided. The transmitter apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) by performing LDPC encoding; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol. The modulator maps a bit included in a predetermined group from among a plurality of groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit in the modulation symbol.

A parity interleaving apparatus and method for variable length signaling information are disclosed. A parity interleaving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a processor configured to generate a parity bit string for parity puncturing by segmenting parity bits of an LDPC codeword whose length is 16200 and whose code rate is 3/15, into a plurality of groups, and group-wise interleaving the groups using an order of group-wise interleaving; and memory configured to provide the parity bit string for parity puncturing to a parity puncturing unit.

A receiver for receiving data in a broadcast system includes a broadcast receiver that receives, via the broadcast system, a receiver input data stream including plural channel symbols represented by constellation points in a constellation diagram. A demodulator demodulates the channel symbols into codewords and a decoder decodes the codewords into output data words. A broadband receiver obtains redundancy data via a broadband system, the redundancy data for a channel symbol including one or more least robust bits of the channel symbol or a constellation subset identifier indicating a subset of constellation points including the constellation point representing the channel symbol. The demodulator and/or the decoder is configured to use the redundancy data to demodulate the respective channel symbol and to decode the respective codeword, respectively.

A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 64800 and a code rate of 7/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.