This application relates to the field of fiber-optic communication technologies, and provides a fault locating method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: obtaining a first correspondence between a receive time and receive power during reverse backhaul that occurs when a test optical signal that can be reflected by a reflection component disposed at each port of at least one stage of optical splitter is in downlink transmission in an ODN, where reverse backhaul includes backscatter and reflection or includes backscatter; determining, based on the first correspondence, a second correspondence between a transmission distance and receive power during reverse backhaul that occurs when a test optical signal is in downlink transmission in an optical fiber between each port of the at least one stage of optical splitter and a component connected to the port; and locating a fault in the ODN based on the second correspondence.

Techniques for maintaining equipment of a PON include determining a current optical profile for each segment of a plurality of segments of a PON, and detecting that the current optical profile of a particular segment is outside of a designated operating range. Based on the detection, drifts over time of the optical profile of the segment and of optical profiles of one or more other segments that share respective common endpoints with the segment are determined and compared, and based on the comparison, a component of the PON (e.g., an endpoint or an optical fiber) is identified as requiring maintenance. Each segment's optical profile corresponds to characteristics of optical signals delivered over the segment (e.g., attenuation, changes in frequencies, changes in power outputs, etc.), and current optical profiles of the PON's segments may be repeatedly updated over time to continuously monitor for components that need maintenance.

Communication devices, communication systems and communication methods that implement transmission lane information are disclosed. In one example, circuitry is configured to receive transmission lane information from each of a plurality of reception lanes and to generate physical lane correspondence information based on the received transmission lane information, wherein the transmission lane information identifies a plurality of transmission lanes of a device that transmitted the transmission lane information. The physical lane correspondence information indicates a correspondence relationship between the plurality of transmission lanes and the plurality of reception lanes.

There are provided a communication device, a communication system, and a communication method. A communication device includes a first receiver configured to receive a data signal and generate a level control signal based on an initial level of the data signal and on an error rate of the data signal; and a transmitter configured to transmit the level control signal.

An interconnect transceiver for transmitting and receiving optical signals, comprising an electronics module with a transceiver engine, and a photonics module with a laser source, a modulator, a photodetector to monitor the laser, one to receive an external optical signal, and a controller to operate the laser source and the laser source modulator, an electronic switch having two states is proposed. The first state is to allow monitoring of the modulated laser source by the transceiver engine, so as to acquire a reference set of operating parameters, and the second state is where a signal from the modulated laser source is directed to the controller, such as to allow real-time control of the source of the transmitting laser and modulator by the controller.

Techniques for predicting times-to-failure of components of a PON include generating an optical profile of a PON segment that has components including a last mile termination unit and an optical fiber received by the last mile termination unit, determining a drift over time of the segment's optical profile, and predicting the time-to-failure of a component of the segment based on the drift over time. The segment's optical profile corresponds to one or more characteristics of optical signals delivered over the segment (e.g., attenuation, changes in frequencies, changes in power outputs, etc.). Predicting the time-to-failure of the component may be based on, for example, a comparison of the drift over time of the segment's optical profile with drifts over time of other segments' optical profiles, a distance between the segment's optical profile and a boundary of a designated operating range of the PON, characteristics of the segment, etc.

An optical transmission apparatus outputs a main signal. An optical transmission apparatus superimposes a monitoring signal on an optical signal and outputs it. A submarine branching apparatus includes a return unit configured to return the monitoring signal received from the optical transmission apparatus and is configured to switch an output destination of the main signal received from the optical transmission apparatus to an optical transmission apparatus or the optical transmission apparatus. The optical transmission apparatus is configured to detect the monitoring signal returned from the return unit and notifies the optical transmission apparatus of a result of the detection. The optical transmission apparatus instructs the submarine branching apparatus to switch the output destination of the main signal in accordance with the notification.

The technology of this application relates to a fault detection method for an optical switching apparatus, a network device, and a system, to improve accuracy and efficiency of detecting whether the optical switching apparatus is faulty. The method includes sending a probe optical signal to a target path, where the probe optical signal is to be transmitted along the target path, and the target path includes at least one optical switching apparatus, receiving a plurality of reflected optical signals from the target path, where the plurality of reflected optical signals are formed after the probe optical signal is reflected by the target path, determining a target reflected optical signal in the plurality of reflected optical signals, where the target reflected optical signal is a reflected optical signal reflected by the optical switching apparatus, and determining, based on the target reflected optical signal, whether the optical switching apparatus is faulty.

The present disclosure provides a method and system for configuring an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) in a gigabit passive optical networks (PON), characterized by the steps of: collecting network data of the network to be scanned by switch controller to characterize said network; collecting data from various optical network terminals (ONTs) of the gigabit passive optical networks (GPON) by an OTDR and the Switch Controller to form a training database, the training data is used to train the method; optimizing the parameters of the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) based on the network data and the training database by a processor provided on the switching controller using machine learning. For point-to-multipoint (PMP) networks such as PON, the present method and system provides optimal set of parameters to configure OTDR before performing trace.

An OLT includes an NNI-PHY, a transmission reception unit that transmits a frame transmitted by an ONU, a control unit that transmits the frame if the transmission reception unit received the frame and the frame is not damaged, a process execution unit that executes a process of transmitting the frame to the NNI-PHY if the frame is the specific frame, and a monitoring judgment unit that executes at least one of a process of judging that the frame was discarded in the control unit if the frame does not pass between the control unit and the process execution unit within a first time and a process of judging that the frame was discarded in the process execution unit if the frame does not pass between the process execution unit and the NNI-PHY within a second time.