A transmission includes an input shaft coupled to a prime mover, a countershaft, main shaft, and an output shaft, with gears between the countershaft and the main shaft. A shift actuator selectively couples the input shaft to the main shaft by rotatably coupling gears between the countershaft and the main shaft. The shift actuator is mounted on an exterior wall of a housing including the countershaft and the main shaft. An integrated actuator housing includes a single external power access for the shift actuator. A controller interprets a shaft displacement angle, determines if the transmission is in an imminent zero or zero torque region, and performs a transmission operation in response to the transmission in the imminent zero or zero torque region.

There are provided a communication device, a communication system, and a communication method. A communication device includes a first receiver configured to receive a data signal and generate a level control signal based on an initial level of the data signal and on an error rate of the data signal; and a transmitter configured to transmit the level control signal.

Techniques for creating a design for a physical device are disclosed. A computing system receives a design specification. The design specification includes a design region, one or more ports, and a port location perimeter. The computing system determines an initial proposed design based on the design specification that includes the design region and a location for each port of the one or more ports within the port location perimeter. The computing system optimizes the design region of the initial proposed design to create an improved design region, and optimizes at least one location of a port of the one or more ports within the port location perimeter to create an improved proposed design.

Provided are techniques, devices and systems that enable updating of a reportable parameter table database when a reconfigured optical communication path is formed by switching performed by a branching unit in an undersea optical communication transmission system. A processor may obtain system attributes of each respective segment of a number of segments of the reconfigured optical communication path from a first end point to a second endpoint. The system attributes of each respective segment of the number of segments may be evaluated from the first end point to the second endpoint of the reconfigured optical communication path. A reportable parameter table may be generated based on the evaluated system attributes that includes a listing of operational and structural parameters of system from the first endpoint to the second endpoint of the reconfigured optical communication path.

A method is provided for assessing the quality of an optical transmitter and/or its interoperability with a receiver. The method includes obtaining an optical signal output by an optical transmitter and performing coherent optical-to-electrical detection of the optical signal to produce an in-phase receive signal and a quadrature receive signal. The method further includes a computing device emulating a worst-case configuration of an optical fiber with which the optical transmitter is to be used, based on the in-phase receive signal and the quadrature receive signal to produce a noise contribution associated with the worst-case characteristics of the optical fiber and determining a figure of merit of the optical transmitter based on the noise contribution.

An optical transceiver can be calibrated using an internal receiver side eye scan generator, and calibration values (e.g., modulator values) can be stored in memory for recalibration of the optical transceiver. The eye scan generator can receive data from the transmitter portion via an integrated and reconfigurable loopback path. At a later time, different calibration values can be accessed in memory and used to recalibrate the optical transceiver or update the calibrated values using the receive-side eye scan generator operating in loopback mode.

A method is provided for calibrating a terminal device connected to a transmission line containing an impairment. The method includes steps of obtaining a sequence of frequency domain samples for a digital signal transmitted to the terminal device, determining a reflection coefficient from the obtained frequency domain sequence and a reflection signal arising from the impairment, converting the sequence of frequency domain samples and the frequency domain reflection signal into the time domain to generate a complex time domain sample sequence having a real I time component and an imaginary Q time component, correcting the time domain sample sequence into a corrected time sequence having a phase value of the Q component corresponding to a phase value of the I component, calculating a correcting spin coefficient from the corrected time sequence, and calibrating the terminal device with the correcting spin coefficient to mitigate a rotation of the reflection coefficient.

According to the present example embodiment, the optical fiber sensing system is an optical fiber sensing system being acquired by adding a function of optical fiber sensing to a cable of an optical communication cable system. The optical communication cable system includes the cable including an optical fiber core wire that propagates an optical signal for communication, and a plurality of devices. A function of the optical fiber sensing is a function of, by an interrogator, sending probe light to an optical fiber core wire, detecting backscattered light of the probe light, and performing sensing on environmental information around the cable. The device includes an optical wiring line through which sensing light passes without passing through an optical amplifier.

An information handling system includes a plurality of network nodes and a processor. Each network node includes an optical link and a reflectometry analyzer. The reflection analyzers provide a plurality of reflectometry results that each provide a characterization of physical properties of the optical link. The processor receives the reflectometry results, analyzes the reflectometry results to define a fingerprint of the physical properties of the optical link, and determines a status for each of the optical links based upon the associated fingerprints. The status for each of the optical links includes one of a plurality of graded statuses. Each graded status represents a qualitative measure of the physical properties of the associated optical link. A first graded status represents a better qualitative measure than a second graded status. The processor further receives a request to route a data flow from a first one of the network nodes to a second one of the network nodes. The data flow is associated with a service level agreement that defines that the data flow is to be routed on optical links that have the first graded status. The processor further determines a path between the first network node and the second network node where each of optical links in the path have the first graded status.

A fault detection apparatus includes: a transmitter that transmits a first optical signal through an optical transmission line; a receiver that receives, in response to the transmission of the first optical signal, a second optical signal from the line, and measures the reception level of the second optical signal; and a control unit that specifies a section where the second optical signal corresponding to the first optical signal was generated, calculates an optical level corresponding to a loss in said section on the basis of the reception level, determines that a first fault has occurred in the section when the optical level in the section has changed from a first reference level by a first threshold or more, sets a second reference level and a second threshold after occurrence of the first fault, and determines occurrence of a second fault.