Apparatuses, methods, and systems of hub communication with a satellite network or a terrestrial network are disclosed. One method includes detecting presence of the satellite network, detecting, by the hub, presence of a terrestrial network, selecting to connect to one of the satellite network or the terrestrial network based on a priority ruleset, estimating a propagation delay between the hub and a base station of the satellite network when the satellite network is selected, adjusting a timing offset between transmit and receive radio frames at the hub based on whether the satellite network or the terrestrial network is selected, and based at least on the propagation delay and a frame offset between uplink and downlink frames at base station, and communicating with the base station of the satellite network or a base station of the terrestrial network.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

A method for transmitting data from a population of devices to a relay station travelling with respect to one another. For transmitting the data to the relay station, each device includes at least one transmission slot resulting from a channel access method and a transmission window within which the relay station is to travel. The relay station is to broadcast an instruction to the population of devices before the data transmission, and, upon receiving the instruction, at least part of the population of devices is to set a modified transmission slot.

Disclosed is a method for deploying tasks in a satellite network. In the method for deploying tasks in a satellite network, a utility function is determined by constructing a task processing delay model and a traffic model; a fitness degree of each individual is determined according to the utility function, and an individual with a highest fitness degree is put into a next-generation population; a probability that each of the plurality of individuals is selected is determined according to the fitness degree; a crossover operation and a mutation operation are performed on the individual according to the probability, to obtain a crossover individual and a mutation individual respectively; an available crossover individual and an available mutation individual are put into a next-generation population, to perform a repeated iteration and complete population updating; an optimal task deployment location table is output; and satellite network task deployment is completed.

Techniques for improving data rates at mobile terminals that are subject to periodic channel interruptions in a beyond-line-of-sight communication system are disclosed, including improved encoding and decoding systems that identify blockages and modify receiver operation during blockages to reduce data errors. In certain embodiments, encoding, symbol mapping, interleaving, and use of unique periodic identifiers function to enable a series of packets that may be received in a blockage impaired channel with reduced errors.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

A method of operating a satellite communication network is disclosed. The network includes a plurality of satellites interconnected by a plurality of satellite-to-satellite communication links. Each of the plurality of satellites is configured to communicate with at least one ground station using respective ground-satellite communication links. The method includes transmitting a routing table to each of the satellites. Each routing table has a list of destination satellites, and defines at least two possible routes leading to it. An alert message identifying a problem communication link is transmitted to a subset of the plurality of satellites. In response to receiving the alert message, subsequent data packets are routed through the communication network by the satellites using their respective routing table to avoid the problem communication link.

A method is provided that can include designating as a control node, a first communication node of a plurality of communication nodes associated with a satellite communications system. The method can include, designating as a listening node, a second communication node of the plurality of communication nodes. The listening node is responsive to instructions provided by the control node. The method includes receiving, at a tuning module, one or more input tuning factors, wherein the one or more input tuning factors can include at least a resource burden factor. Responsive to receiving the one or more input tuning factors, the method includes adjusting by the tuning module, one or more tunable output parameters. The method includes sending, from the control node to the listening node, instructions comprising one or more of the tunable output parameters, and executing the instructions at the listening node.

An on-board method for the end-to-end transparent transport of data packets is implemented by a telecommunications system comprising a first, sending station, a second, receiving station, a first, sending satellite, connected directly to the first station, and a second, receiving satellite, connected directly to the second station, the first satellite and second satellite being interconnected via a spaceborne network. The transport method comprises steps allowing an end-to-end transparent adaptive control loop for the adaptive control of the modulation and of the coding of the access links between the first station and the first satellite and between the second station and the second satellite to be implemented.

Systems and methods configured to form and manage different types of beams toward target ground terminals to “optimally” communicate with the terminals. In one set of embodiments, the UAV generates a set of beams to cover cells on the ground, the beams are divided into groups, and the UAV communications system deterministically and sequentially turns a subset of the beams on/off to reduce cross-beam interference and increase system throughput. In another embodiment, in order to increase throughput, the UAV communications system determines the highest data rate on the downlink and uplink that are decodable at the receiver given the received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) while maintaining a low packet error rate. Systems and methods are described to determine the UAV antenna pattern toward different terminals needed for SINR calculation and data rate determination.