A satellite IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) complies with DiSEqC protocol and is capable of receiving a program of a specific channel from a single cable interface device through a cable. The DiSEqC transmitter transmits a first command corresponding to the specific channel to the single cable interface device through the I/O interface and the cable. The DiSEqC receiver acquires a second command transmitted on the cable through the I/O interface in response to the DiSEqC transmitter transmitting the first command. The detecting circuit compares the second command with the first command to generate a comparison result. The DiSEqC receiver monitors the I/O interface in response to the comparison result indicating that the first command and the second command are different to determine whether there is a command other than the first command transmitted on the cable.

A satellite is provided, including an onboard computing device. The onboard computing device may include a processor configured to receive training data while the satellite is in orbit. The processor may be further configured to perform training at a machine learning model based at least in part on the training data. The processor may be further configured to generate model update data that specifies a modification made to the machine learning model during the training. The processor may be further configured to transmit the model update data from the satellite to an additional computing device.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) satellite beam and data scheduling. In one or more embodiments, a method for determining a location and/or time offset of at least one receiver involves transmitting, by at least one satellite, at least one beam, which is a sweeping beam. In one or more embodiments, each of the beams comprises at least one signal used for positioning, navigation, or timing. The method further comprises varying, by at least one satellite, aspects of at least one signal based on optimization parameters. In at least one embodiment, the optimization parameters comprise a location of a beam footprint of at least one beam. In one or more embodiments, at least one receiver receives at least one signal. In at least one embodiment, the location and/or the time offset of at least one receiver is determined by using at least one signal.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Techniques for improving data rates at mobile terminals that are subject to periodic channel interruptions in a beyond-line-of-sight communication system are disclosed, including improved encoding and decoding systems that identify blockages and modify receiver operation during blockages to reduce data errors. In certain embodiments, encoding, symbol mapping, interleaving, and use of unique periodic identifiers function to enable a series of packets that may be received in a blockage impaired channel with reduced errors.

An apparatus and method for optimizing selection of data cap limited service plans. A model is created in order to predict bandwidth usage by existing subscribers in a satellite communication system. The model is trained with usage data for all subscribers of the satellite communication system over a predetermined time interval, and used to analyze usage patterns of each subscriber. Bandwidth usage is predicted for each subscriber relative to an existing service plan based, at least one recommendation is generated for optimizing use of bandwidth in the satellite communication system based on the analysis and predicted bandwidth usage.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems of hub communication with a satellite network or a terrestrial network are disclosed. One method includes detecting presence of the satellite network, detecting, by the hub, presence of a terrestrial network, selecting to connect to one of the satellite network or the terrestrial network based on a priority ruleset, estimating a propagation delay between the hub and a base station of the satellite network when the satellite network is selected, adjusting a timing offset between transmit and receive radio frames at the hub based on whether the satellite network or the terrestrial network is selected, and based at least on the propagation delay and a fixed frame offset between uplink and downlink frames at base station, and communicating with the base station of the satellite network or a base station of the terrestrial network.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems of hub communication with a satellite network or a terrestrial network are disclosed. One method includes detecting presence of the satellite network, detecting, by the hub, presence of a terrestrial network, selecting to connect to one of the satellite network or the terrestrial network based on a priority ruleset, estimating a propagation delay between the hub and a base station of the satellite network when the satellite network is selected, adjusting a timing offset between transmit and receive radio frames at the hub based on whether the satellite network or the terrestrial network is selected, and based at least on the propagation delay and a frame offset between uplink and downlink frames at base station, and communicating with the base station of the satellite network or a base station of the terrestrial network.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Systems and methods are provided to achieve dynamic bandwidth allocation among terminal groups (TGs) with proportional fairness in terms of both throughput and spectrum usage across a network. Quality of service (QoS) metrics for such TGs can be satisfied in terms of maximum throughput and spectrum utilization, while also satisfying QoS metrics such as latency, throughput, and prioritized traffic services for individual terminals within the TGs. A centralized bandwidth manager can be utilized to manage such dynamic bandwidth allocation across multiple Code Rate Organizers (CROs), including environments in which the multiple CROs manage communications across multiple IPGWs for multiple terminal groups. Because, in such environments, a given conventional CRO cannot effectively manage allocations across the entire network, the centralized bandwidth management functionality can be introduced to assess the flows for multiple TGs across multiple CROs and to make bandwidth allocations accordingly.