A method for performing radio communication by a first apparatus, and an apparatus for supporting same may be provided. The method may comprise the steps of: obtaining second bits by attaching cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits to first bits associated with second sidelink control information (SCI); obtaining third bits on the basis of channel coding for the second bits; obtaining fourth bits by performing rate matching on the third bits on the basis of the number of modulation symbols, wherein the number of modulation symbols is obtained on the basis of the number of first bits, the number of CRC bits, a beta-offset value included in first SCI associated with the second SCI, an alpha value configured for each resource pool, the number of symbols associated with transmission of a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), the number of resource elements (Res) associated with transmission of the second SCI for each symbol, and a gamma value, the gamma value being the number of vacant REs in a resource block (RB) to which a last symbol associated with the second SCI belongs; and transmitting the second SCI to a second apparatus via the PSSCH on the basis of scrambling, modulation, and mapping for the fourth bits.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for repeatedly transmitting an uplink in a wireless communication system. A method by which a terminal repeatedly transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, comprises the steps of: receiving configuration information related to repeated transmission of the PUSCH; receiving downlink control information (DCI) for scheduling of the PUSCH; and repeatedly transmitting the PUSCH N times (an integer, greater than 1, of N) on the basis of the configuration information and the DCI. The PUSCH transmitted N times is circularly and sequentially mapped to a plurality of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states in an ascending order, may be grouped into M PUSCH groups (an integer, greater than 1, of N) for each PUSCH to which the same TCI is mapped, and frequency hopping may be individually applied to the M PUSCH groups.

A first physical layer device includes a first transmitter and a first receiver. The first transmitter transmits first data to a second physical layer device over a medium at a first line rate during a first transmit period. The first receiver is configured to not receive data during the first transmit period and an echo reflection period occurring after the first transmit period. The echo reflection period is based on a length of the medium between the first physical layer device and the second physical layer device. The first receiver is configured to, after the echo reflection period, receive second data from the second physical layer device over the medium at a second line rate that is less than the first line rate.

A signal multiplexing apparatus and method using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. A signal multiplexing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame using the time-interleaved signal and L1 signaling information.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a base station may interrupt a user equipment (UE) during transport block (TB) encoding. The UE may cancel transmission (e.g., suppress processing) of a TB based on the interruption, such that a first subset of code blocks is encoded and a second subset is unencoded. In some cases, the UE may receive a re-transmission request for a code block including cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits for the TB, where the CRC bits are not prepared. In one example, the UE may modify the CRC bits (e.g., set them to a common value, drop them, etc.) to reduce processing time. In another example, the base station may request re-transmission of all preempted code blocks, supporting TB CRC calculation. In another example, the base station or UE may extend a processing timeline for the re-transmission to support TB CRC calculation.

Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a network entity transmits, to a user equipment (UE), at least one file, the at least one file comprising a group of data packets, wherein each data packet of the group of data packets of the at least one file is associated with a file identifier of the at least one file, transmits, to the UE, after transmitting the last data packet of the group of data packets of the at least one file, a request for the UE to report a reception status of the at least one file, transmits, to the UE, one or more repair bits for the at least one file, receives an acknowledgment from the UE, and ceases transmission of the one or more repair bits upon reception of the acknowledgment from the UE.

There is disclosed a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the method comprising transmitting feedback signaling including feedback information, the feedback information being encoded with an error coding scheme, wherein an error coding size of the error coding scheme is dependent on a type of the feedback information. The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

Provided is an input/output system applied to a network security defense system. A structural encoding unit and an error correction decoding unit are divided. The structure encoding unit is divided into input branch module and an input proxy module; and the error correction decoding unit is divided into an output routing module, an output proxy module, an adjudication branch module, an adjudication proxy module and a voting module. The input branch module is used for duplicating and distributing messages, the arbitration branch module is used for duplicating and distributing data, the voting module is used for performing voting, and the output routing module is used for selecting an output result from processing results of the output proxy module according to a voting result of the voting module.

Disclosed are a reference signal processing method and apparatus, a first communication node, and a second communication node. The reference signal processing method may include: creating w sequences, wherein different first communication nodes do not all take a same value of w, and w is a positive integer; generating a reference signal based on the w sequences; and sending the reference signal and a data signal which corresponds to the reference signal.

Disclosed are a communication technique which merges, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, healthcare, digital education, retail, security- and safety-related services, and the like) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. A method for a terminal of a communication system may comprise the steps of: receiving, from a base station, information indicating LBRM; identifying a parameter related to the maximum number of layers for one transport block; identifying the maximum number of layers for the one transport block on the basis of the parameter; identifying a transport block size to which the LBRM is applied, on the basis of the determined maximum number of layers; and transmitting or receiving data to or from the base station on the basis of the transport block size.