Some embodiments of this disclosure include apparatuses and methods for implementing block acknowledgment (BA) operations for multi-link wireless communication networks. For example some embodiments relate to an electronic device including a transceiver and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the transceiver. The one or more processors transmit, using the transceiver and to a second electronic device, a first set of one or more frames on a first link and a second set of one or more frames on a second link. The one or more processors receive, using the transceiver and from the second electronic device, a first block acknowledgment (BA) frame on the first link and a second BA frame on the second link. The one or more processors further determine, based on received first BA frame and the second BA frame, a failed or missing frame of the first set of one or more frames transmitted on the first link.

Exemplary methods, apparatuses, and systems include duplicating a packet within a plurality of packets to be transmitted to a destination computing node as a sequence of packets. The plurality of packets including the duplicate of the packet are transmitted to the destination computing node. Upon receiving a first acknowledgement of the packet from the destination computing node, it is determined that the first acknowledgment is directed to a duplicated packet. In response to determining that the first acknowledgment is directed to a duplicated packet, it is determined that a second acknowledgement has yet to be received for each of one or more packets within the plurality of packets transmitted prior to the packet. In response to determining that the second acknowledgement has yet to be received, the one or more packets are retransmitted to the destination computing node.

A multi-link aggregation transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: a receive end receives at least one of a data frame and a BAR frame over a plurality of links between the receive end and a transmit end, where the plurality of links includes a first link. The receive end receives a block acknowledgment request BAR frame over the first link, where the BAR frame carries SSN_1 corresponding to the first link. The receive end adjusts, based on SSNs corresponding to all the links, a value of a current starting sequence number WinStart of a scoreboard window. The receive end processes, based on the adjusted WinStart, a data frame received over the plurality of links. The receive end can adaptively adjust the WinStart.

There is provided a communication apparatus that complies with an IEEE 802.11 series standard, comprising: data transmitting unit for transmitting data frames each including a data unit to an other communication apparatus a plurality of times continuously; generating unit for generating a Block Ack Request (BAR) frame; BAR transmitting unit for transmitting the BAR frame to the other communication apparatus after transmission of the data frames the plurality of times continuously; and receiving unit for receiving a Block Ack (BA) frame as a response to the BAR frame, wherein the generating unit indicates a sequence number for a data unit in an initial data frame using a predetermined field in the BAR frame, and the predetermined field includes a different field from a Starting Sequence Number field in the BAR frame.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive signaling that indicates whether feedback for each of one or more downlink messages scheduled to be received at the UE is to be single-bit feedback or multi-bit feedback. The UE may monitor for the one or more downlink messages. The UE may generate, based at least in part on the monitoring for the one or more downlink messages, a codebook for reporting the feedback pertaining to each downlink message, the codebook supporting inclusion of both single-bit feedback and multi-bit feedback based at least in part on the signaling. The UE may transmit a feedback message that is based at least in part on the codebook.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Some wireless communications systems may support codebook structures for multiplexing single-bit feedback and multi-bit feedback in a same uplink feedback message. A user equipment (UE) may receive a first downlink message associated with single-bit feedback and a second downlink message associated with multi-bit feedback. The first downlink message and the second downlink message may have a common uplink transmission opportunity for transmitting feedback pertaining to the downlink messages. The UE may generate a codebook that supports inclusion of both the single-bit feedback and the multi-bit feedback for the first and second downlink messages. The UE may transmit the feedback message during the common uplink transmission opportunity based on the codebook.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Some wireless communications systems may support configurations for grouping feedback information within a codebook. A user equipment (UE) may support one or more types of feedback. In some cases, the UE may generate subsets of feedback information within the codebook based on each type of feedback, which may increase overhead. To reduce overhead, the UE may receive signaling that indicates a configuration for grouping feedback information within a codebook. The UE may receive downlink messages that may be associated with a same set of uplink resources for transmitting a feedback message. The UE may generate a codebook to include one or more groups of feedback information in accordance with the configuration and based on the downlink messages. The UE may transmit the feedback message based on the codebook and via the set of uplink resources.

In order to appropriately estimate the number of radio frames that fail to be acquired, an estimation apparatus 200 includes: a memory storing instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: acquire a plurality of radio frames transmitted and received through a radio channel; specify key frames, based on time information of the plurality of acquired radio frames; calculate a sum of time lengths of at least a part of the plurality of radio frames being located between two adjacent ones of the key frames; and estimate a number of unacquired radio frames, based on the specified key frames and the calculated sum, the unacquired radio frames being radio frames failing to be acquired.

Methods, apparatuses, and computer readable medium for enabling an efficient group handover mechanism that has less signaling overhead than single UE handover are provided. An example method at a base station includes transmitting a group handover request for the group of UEs to a target base station. The method further includes receiving a group handover acknowledgment from the target base station. The method further includes transmitting a group handover message to the group of UEs.

Communication devices and methods for multi-link block acknowledgement are provided. One exemplary embodiment provides a multi-link device (MLD) configured to operate with a first plurality of affiliated stations, the first multi-link device comprising: circuitry, which in operation, initiates setup of a block acknowledgement agreement with a second multi-link device that is configured to operate with a second plurality of affiliated stations, wherein a link has been established between each station of the first plurality of stations and a corresponding station of the second plurality of stations; and a transmitter, which in operation, transmits frames of a Traffic Identifier (TID) on one or more links to the second multi-link device based on the block acknowledgement agreement, wherein the first plurality of stations are configured to share a common transmit buffer that stores the frames of the TID to be transmitted to the second multi-link device and a common transmit buffer control to manage the transmission of the frames over the one or more links, and wherein each of the first plurality of stations is configured to maintain a per-link transmit buffer control to manage the transmission of the frames on a corresponding one of the one or more links.