An interworking service entity receives server registration requests including indications of service layer protocols used by each server, maintains a repository of server information, and uses the repository for interworking requests of devices to servers of different protocols based on a server type provided in discovery requests. Other matching information may include, for example, server security protocol, supported services, service territory, availability, capacity, or loading, as device information or preferences, such a supported service, supported interface type, or a supported device type.

Techniques for utilizing Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controllers and network border leaf nodes of respective cloud computing networks to configure a data transmission route for a multicast group. Each border leaf node may maintain a respective external sources database, including a number of records indicating associations between a multicast data source, one or more respective border leaf nodes disposed in the same network as the multicast data source, and network capability information. A border leaf node, disposed in the same network as a multicast data source, may broadcast a local source discovery message to all border leaf nodes in remote networks to which it is communicatively coupled. A border leaf node may also communicate network capability information associated with one or more remote networks to a local SDN controller. The SDN controller may utilize the network capability information to configure a data transmission route to one or more destination nodes.

Electronic systems and methods for developing a person's cognitive skills such as feedback giving skills are contemplated. The systems and methods provide a procedure through which participants follow to formulate and issue feedback to other individuals. Feedback is given through a feedback app. The systems and methods involve participation of feedback recipients and also judges. The procedure involves each feedback recipient giving a presentation in a period of time and each judge providing feedback to each presentation. The procedure is performed by executing an event which can be created from an event app provided by the system. The event app also executes the created event, and completion of the event allows the system to provide feedback results to the participants, feedback recipients, judges, and other individuals based on information received during the event. The flow of the event is also controllable from the event app.

A fifth generation (5G) network can provide Rich Communication Services (RCS) between multiple user equipment (UE) of different device types and/or different operating systems. An RCS server in an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) can be used to format data associated with a chat between UEs having different operating systems. The RCS server can initiate, establish, maintain, format, augment, or otherwise determine a rich communication chat message between the UEs over the 5G network.

The present invention relates to systems and methods suitable for verifying and compensating nodes for streaming multimedia. In particular, the present invention relates to systems and methods that utilize a blockchain to verify and compensate devices for computational resources contributions when streaming multimedia over a decentralized network.

A hybrid network system, a communication method and a network node are provided. The hybrid network system includes a combined network system architecture of a point-to-point network and a broadcast network, the point-to-point network is provided with a plurality of point-to-point channels, and each network node can send a message to a corresponding network node or receive the message from the corresponding network node through the point-to-point channel; the broadcast network is provided with a plurality of broadcast channels, and each broadcast channel can only have one sender at most at the same time, but can have a plurality of receivers; at least a part of network nodes have the capability of sending messages to be broadcast, at least a part of network nodes have the capability of receiving the broadcast messages, and at least some network nodes are configured to select the broadcast network or the point-to-point network at least according to communication tasks to be executed per se to complete the communication tasks to be executed. Preferably, each network node has the capability of sending and receiving the broadcast message. The hybrid network system of the embodiment of the present invention has high flexibility and high communication performance.

The present invention relates to systems and methods suitable for verifying and compensating nodes for streaming multimedia. In particular, the present invention relates to systems and methods that utilize a blockchain to verify and compensate devices for computational resources contributions when streaming multimedia over a decentralized network.

A fifth generation (5G) network can provide Rich Communication Services (RCS) between multiple user equipment (UE) of different device types and/or different operating systems. An RCS server in an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) can be used to format data associated with a chat between UEs having different operating systems. The RCS server can initiate, establish, maintain, format, augment, or otherwise determine a rich communication chat message between the UEs over the 5G network.

An interworking service entity receives server registration requests including indications of service layer protocols used by each server, maintains a repository of server information, and uses the repository for interworking requests of devices to servers of different protocols based on a server type provided in discovery requests. Other matching information may include, for example, server security protocol, supported services, service territory, availability, capacity, or loading, as device information or preferences, such as supported service, supported interface type, or a supported device type.

A multicast data packet processing method performed by an intermediate node of a multicast tree includes: receiving a first Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) packet including a first label; obtaining, according to the first label, a second label corresponding to a multicast tree including the intermediate node; and obtaining a second BIER packet according to the second label and the first BIER packet, and sending the second BIER packet which includes the second label.