A first network device receives an association relationship sent by a second network device, where the association relationship includes an association relationship between a first path and a second path. The first network device generates first routing information between the first network device and a target network device based on the association relationship, where the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the first path, and when a cross-slice condition is met, the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the second path.

A distributed radio frequency communication system facilitates communication between a wireless terminal and a core network. The system includes a remote radio unit (RRU) coupled to at least one antenna to communicate with the wireless terminal. The RRU includes electronic circuitry to perform at least a first portion of a first-level protocol of a radio access network (RAN) for communicating between the wireless terminal and the core network. The system also includes a baseband unit (BBU) coupled to the core network, and configured to perform at least a second-level protocol of the RAN. A fronthaul link is coupled to the BBU and the RRU. The fronthaul link utilizes an adaptive fronthaul protocol for communication between the BBU and the RRU. The adaptive fronthaul protocol has provisions for adapting to conditions of the fronthaul link and radio network by changing the way data is communicated over the fronthaul link.

The present disclosure relates to a system for managing a switchboard using a ring network, including a plurality of switchboards for forming at least one group, a switch for forming a ring network with the plurality of switchboards to receive operation information related to an operation of a device provided in each switchboard from at least one switchboard among the plurality of switchboards, and a monitoring server for receiving the operation information, and it can be applied to other exemplary embodiments.

A software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) environment that leverages network virtualization management deployment is provided. Edge security services managed by the network virtualization management deployment are made available in the SD-WAN environment. Cloud gateways forward SD-WAN traffic to managed service nodes to apply security services. Network traffic is encapsulated with corresponding metadata to ensure that services can be performed according to the desired policy. Point-to-point tunnels are established between cloud gateways and the managed service nodes to transport the metadata to the managed service nodes using an overlay logical network. Virtual network identifiers (VNIs) in the metadata are used by the managed service nodes to identify tenants/policies. A managed service node receiving a packet uses provider service routers (T0-SR) and tenant service routers (T1-SRs) based on the VNI to apply the prescribed services for the tenant, and the resulting traffic is returned to the cloud gateway that originated the traffic.

The present disclosure provides a controller area network (CAN) bus network access unit, a related network, a method, and an apparatus. The CAN bus network access unit includes: a first CAN bus; a second CAN bus; a first CAN bus transceiver and a second CAN bus transceiver, respectively communicatively coupled to the first CAN bus and the second CAN bus and respectively configured to communicate with another first CAN bus and another second CAN bus in another CAN bus network access unit; a first port, communicatively coupled to the first CAN bus; and a plurality of variable connection ports, where each variable connection port is communicatively coupled to one of the first CAN bus and the second CAN bus, or communicatively coupled to neither the first CAN bus nor the second CAN bus. In embodiments of the present disclosure, an electric control part used in a conveying line is standardized. A time-delay is reduced and costs of network wiring and device management are reduced.

A user station for a serial bus system. The user station includes a communication control device for controlling a communication of the user station with at least one other user station, and a transceiver device for transmitting a transmission signal, generated by the communication control device, onto a bus, so that for a message that is exchanged between user stations of the bus system, the bit time of a signal transmitted onto the bus in the first communication phase is different from a bit time of a signal transmitted in the second communication phase. The communication control device generates the transmission signal according to a frame in which a field for a header check sum and a field for a frame check sum are provided, and computers the header check sum from all bits in the header of a frame that is formed for the message, except fixed stuff bits.

Techniques for operating a network device are provided. In some embodiments, a method may comprise: forwarding multicast data packets from a source in a first customer network to a receiver in a second customer network; detecting that another PE device is forwarding the multicast data packets, wherein: Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) is enabled on supplemental bridge domain (SBD) logical interfaces of the PE device and the another PE device, the PE device and the another PE device are PIM neighbors, and the PE device and the another PE device communicate with each other and with the receiver using the PIM protocol through an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN). The method may further comprise: determining the another PE device is an assert winner from among the PE device and the another PE device based on at least one PIM assert message, the another PE device forwarding the multicast data packets.

A method for sharing an uplink port among network slices, an apparatus, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are disclosed. The method may include: creating logical uplink ports of network slices (S201); establishing a one-to-one logical mapping between the logical uplink ports and access AC interfaces of a VXLAN in a shared slice (S202); and enabling the VXLAN in the shared slice, and transmitting, by means of a physical uplink port of the shared slice, service messages for the network slices (S203).

An object of the present invention is to provide an edge device, a control method, and a program with which the effects of loop generation can be minimized from the NW operator side while ensuring connection normality with the device of an NW user. An edge device according to the present invention physically closes an access port upon confirmation that the access port has been connected to an external device while the access port is in a physically released state and a DF state is undefined, notifies other edge devices within an EVPN MH configuration that the host device has entered a state in which the host device may become the DF and causes an EVPN function unit to calculate the DF state to be set, physically opens the access port when the calculation result indicates DF, and physically closes the access port when the calculation result indicates BDF.

Disclosed herein are a method for managing an access control list based on an automotive Ethernet and an apparatus for the same. The method includes analyzing a new access control rule that is input to a vehicle in which the automotive Ethernet is applied, searching for any one target unit to manage the new access control rule in consideration of at least one of a destination and an application target corresponding to the new access control rule, and storing the new access control rule by transmitting a storage request message corresponding to the new access control rule to the target unit.