An apparatus and method for operating a ring interconnect are disclosed. The ring interconnect has a plurality of nodes that are used to connect to associated components, and is arranged to transport a plurality of slots around the ring interconnect between the nodes in order to transfer items of traffic allocated into those slots between components connected to the nodes. For each item of traffic, one of the components acts as a source to allocate that item of traffic into a slot, and another components acts as destination to seek to remove that item of traffic from the slot. In a default mode of operation, the ring interconnect is arranged to allow all of the slots to be available for transfer of any items of traffic. Special slot management circuitry is provided that is responsive to a throughput alert trigger indicating a potential for occurrence of a throughput inhibiting condition, to cause a slot amongst the plurality of slots to be reserved as a special slot that is constrained for use only when one or more determined conditions are met. Further, the one or more determined conditions are arranged to cause the special slot to be used in a manner that seeks to avoid the throughput inhibiting condition arising.

In a communication system, multiple nodes sequentially transmit a data frame along a communication direction and can read and write data from and to the data frame, and includes a specific node requiring data in the data frame transmitted by another network. In one network of two networks connected to a common bridge, a specific node is disposed within a half circumference of disposition positions of the multiple nodes on the upstream side in the communication direction with respect to the bridge, and in the other network, the specific node is disposed within a half circumference of the disposition positions of the multiple nodes on the downstream side in the communication direction with respect to the bridge.

A power electronic converter for converting electric energy and a method for controlling a power electronic converter are disclosed. The converter includes a plurality of PE switches, and a control system adapted to transmit control information to the PE switches. The control system includes a master controller and a plurality of local controllers controlling the PE switches. The control system further includes one or more slave devices controlled by the master controller. The control system is configured so that the master controller and the one or more slave devices are connected in a ring network topology. Each slave device and one or more of the local controllers are connected in a star network topology.

A permutated ring network includes a plurality of bi-directional source-synchronous ring networks, each having a plurality of data transport stations, and a plurality of communication nodes. Each of the communication nodes is coupled to one of the data transport stations in each of the plurality of bi-directional source-synchronous ring networks.

Example data transmission methods and apparatus are disclosed. One example method includes receiving a first data packet. When a first ring node detects that a link between the first ring node and a second ring node on a first ring port is faulty, it is determined whether the received first data packet is a wrapped data packet. If the first data packet is a non-wrapped data packet, a second ring port is determined based on the first ring port, the first data packet is wrapped into a wrapped data packet to generate a second data packet, and the second data packet is forwarded through the second ring port.

An apparatus and method for operating a ring interconnect are disclosed. The ring interconnect has a plurality of nodes that are used to connect to associated components, and is arranged to transport a plurality of slots around the ring interconnect between the nodes in order to transfer items of traffic allocated into those slots between components connected to the nodes. For each item of traffic, one of the components acts as a source to allocate that item of traffic into a slot, and another components acts as destination to seek to remove that item of traffic from the slot. In a default mode of operation, the ring interconnect is arranged to allow all of the slots to be available for transfer of any items of traffic. Special slot management circuitry is provided that is responsive to a throughput alert trigger indicating a potential for occurrence of a throughput inhibiting condition, to cause a slot amongst the plurality of slots to be reserved as a special slot that is constrained for use only when one or more determined conditions are met. Further, the one or more determined conditions are arranged to cause the special slot to be used in a manner that seeks to avoid the throughput inhibiting condition arising.

A cloud computing data center system includes a first server, a second server, a cloud management platform, and a switch. The first server includes a first computing node and a first distributed gateway. The first distributed gateway receives a management packet sent by the cloud management platform. The first distributed gateway records network information of the second VLAN. A first virtual machine sends a first service packet that carries service data to a second virtual machine. The first distributed gateway receives the first service packet, generates a second service packet by modifying the first service packet based on the network information of the second VLAN, and sends the second service packet to the switch. A second distributed gateway receives the second service packet forwarded by the switch, and sends the second service packet to the second virtual machine. In this way, network reliability may be improved.

This application discloses a packet processing method, apparatus, and system, and belongs to the communications field. In the packet processing method, a first device receives a first packet sent by a second device. The first packet includes identifier information and first authentication information of an Ethernet ring. The first device is an edge device of the Ethernet ring, and the second device is a device outside the Ethernet ring. The first device verifies the validity of the first packet based on the identifier information and the first authentication information. The first device processes the first packet after verifying that the first packet is valid. This method improves the security of Ethernet ring networks.

An apparatus includes a first port coupled to a first apparatus through a ring line, a second port coupled to a second apparatus through a second line, the second apparatus disposed external to the ring line, the second line configured redundantly with a first line between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, a third port coupled to the first apparatus through a control line for a control signal concerning the first line, and circuitry that detects a fault in the control line, wherein the circuitry detects a fault in the second line, switches the second line from an active line to a standby line in accordance with the detection of the fault in the second line, and while the fault in the control line is detected, shuts down the first port in accordance with the detection of the fault in the second line.

A cloud computing data center system includes a first server, a second server, a cloud management platform, and a switch. The first server includes a first computing node and a first distributed gateway. The first distributed gateway receives a management packet sent by the cloud management platform. The first distributed gateway records network information of the second VLAN. A first virtual machine sends a first service packet that carries service data to a second virtual machine. The first distributed gateway receives the first service packet, modifies the first service packet based on the network information of the second VLAN, and sends the second service packet to the switch. A second distributed gateway receives the second service packet forwarded by the switch, and sends the service data carried in the second service packet to the second virtual machine. In this way, network reliability may be improved.